I 74 ENGLISH FIELD SYSTEMS 



universal phenomenon, we turn to the surveys of Tudor and 

 Jacobean times. 



As it happens, these surveys refer for the most part to the very 

 regions which have just been noted as retaining open fields in the 

 eighteenth century. They are concerned with large lordships in 

 Pembrokeshire in the southwest and Denbighshire in the north- 

 east. From other counties of Wales evidence is scanty, save for 

 one acceptable survey from Anglesey. The testimony from the 

 first two regions, which, to judge from the liberal sprinkling of 

 English place-names, were less purely Welsh, may be examined 

 first. 



The intermixture of the parcels of the holdings in Pembroke- 

 shire, described in the eighteenth-century report, is confirmed by 

 a note prefixed to the survey of the royal lordship of Haverford- 

 west, made in 21 James I. " Also whereas the Landes of theise 

 Tenements doe lie devided amonge the Tennants in small par- 

 cells lyeng intermixedlie wherebie the Tennants cannot make full 

 profitt of theire tenements and thereby they are the lesse valu- 

 able in the lettinge; It were verie convenient in our opinions for 

 his highnes profiitt and for the benefitt of the Tennants that by 

 viewe of a Jurie in everie Manner or by some direction from your 

 Lordship the land were viewed and by exchange made entire as 

 neere as male be, or sorted in such partes as the tennantes maie 

 enclose and therebie make theire beste proffitt. And wee holde 

 it conveynient that for all exchaunges to be made of ariie peeces 

 of land betwixte the Tennantes for conveyniencie, that the' same 

 be made in writinge and presented at the next Courte to the 

 Stewarde to be Recorded, and that Notwithstandinge the ex- 

 chaunge the auncient landshares and meares betwixt the peeces 

 be preserved." ^ In determining the value of a ploughland the 

 surveyors state further that they have had " regarde to the 

 goodnes of ech mans holdings and whither it laye togethers or 

 dispersed." - No doubt can exist, then, about the intermixture 

 of parcels here; and, since there is talk about ancient land- 



1 Land Rev., M. B. 206, f. 39. The lordship included the manors of " Camros, 

 St. Issmells, Rock, Pull, and Staynton." 



2 Land Rev., M. B. 238, f. 37. 



