2^2 ENGLISH FIELD SYSTEMS 



and outfield. In the Hayton map of 1710 already referred to 

 the arable is designated " intields " in contrast with the encir- 

 cling waste. More striking is the name given to one of the 

 hamlets of the manor. On the edge of the infield next the 

 common was a tiny settlement called Faugh, and elsewhere on 

 the map of Cumberland the same place-name is to be found. ^ 

 It is, of course, the term which in Scotland was applied to that 

 part of the outfield brought under occasional cultivation. The 

 situation of Faugh on the Hayton map at a point where infield 

 and outfield meet suggests a settlement due to the permanent 

 improvement of the waste. In other Cumberland documents 

 we learn further that a holding might consist of specific amounts 

 of both infield and outfield. In a survey of Fingland made in 

 36 EHzabeth each of the eight tenants had " 16 acre terre arabihs 

 in Infield et 10 acre terre arabihs in Outfield." ^ That the out- 

 field was arable and was allotted in specified amounts implies an 

 improvement of the waste before the end of the sixteenth cen- 

 tury. This confirms our conjecture as to how the hamlet of 

 Faugh may have arisen, and suggests that the situation which 

 w'as characteristic of eighteenth-century Scotland was a transi- 

 tional one in sixteenth-century Cumberland. 



Further light is thrown upon the appropriation of the outfield 

 by two surveys of Soulby, a hamlet of the manor of Dacre.^ 

 In 9 Ehzabeth Soulby was occupied by ten tenants, each of 

 whom had a messuage with from five to seven acres of arable and 

 meadow adjacent thereto. Besides this, there was assigned to 

 each one acre of meadow " apud Bradhoomyre," two acres of 

 arable "apud le Tofts," two of pasture "in Sourelands," and two 

 of pasture " apud Fluscoo." In another survey of some forty 

 years later the pasture in Sourelands and Fluscoo had become 

 arable or arable-and-meadow, while a fifth area, called Woodend 

 and Crakowe, had appeared.^ In this last area each tenant had 

 25 acres of pasture or of pasture-and-arable. The two surveys sug- 

 gest that there were appurtenant to the tenements at Soulby four 



^ For example, a hamlet of Ainstable is called Faugh Heads. 



2 Land Rev., M. B. 212, ff. 81 sq. 



' Land Rev., M. B. 213, ff. 26-20&. * Ibid., ff. 47-48. 



