240 ENGLISH FIELD SYSTEMS 



prove that the parcels of each group were segregated, it suggests 

 that such may have been the case. 



Other early terriers of the cartularies relate to groups of 

 acres or fractional acres which are not designated as bovates or 

 tenants' holdings. They incline, like the Tallantire terriers, to 

 locate parcels in several furlongs which are not brought into 

 relation with one another and are never grouped by fields. Hence 

 they furnish little information, except to make clear that more 

 or less scattered strips were the constituents of early Cumber- 

 land fields and to emphasize the absence of a two- or three-field 

 grouping. 



At this point our e\'idence comes to an end. The nature of 

 Cumberland open field has been ascertained only in its broader 

 aspects; yet these are perhaps sufficient to determine certain 

 affiliations. It has been pointed out that the field arrangements 

 of Northumberland in the sixteenth century and at an earlier 

 time manifested Scottish characteristics, though various descrip- 

 tions concur with the map in disclosing other characteristics not 

 Scottish. In particular did the size of the townships differ from 

 what was usual across the border. Nor is it clear that the arable 

 of a Northumberland township was ever divided sharply into 

 infield and outfield, each tilled in the Scottish manner. On the 

 contrary, a larger stretch of cultivable land was probably kept 

 under more continuous tillage than in Scotland. The field sys- 

 tem of the county seems, in short, to have had midland as well 

 as Scottish aspects. Cumberland, on the other hand, appears 

 to have inclined more to Celtic usages. 



In the first place, there nowhere occur in Cumberland sur- 

 veys and terriers suggestions of a two- or three- or four-field 

 grouping such as are often found, though not well substantiated, 

 in Northumberland documents. If, by chance, mention is 

 made in a Cumberland terrier of an East field, there is small 

 HkeHhood of finding further reference to a West field or a Middle 



Ad Braidion imam acram et tres rodas et decem perticatas 



In thorfinesakyr unam acram et tres rodas et octodecim perticatas 



Ad bighou tres rodas una perticata minus 



Ad blaakepot unam rodam et triginta duas perticatas 



Super Banks unam acram et triginta perticatas 



Ad viam que ducit ad cai)ellam Sancte Trinitatis tres rodas octodecim perticatas." 



