CELTIC SYSTEM IN ENGLAND 247 



ten acres of meadow, at Bolron near Lancaster. ^ Except for 

 the if acres in the last three parcels, the arable lay in four 

 parts of the field. At Bolronbroke and Bolrondale were i^ acres 

 in four parcels, in or under the Withins 2\ acres in four parcels, 

 " super Bambrest " 4I acres in four parcels, and in the Oldefalde 

 i\ acres apparently together. Locations like these at Farring- 

 ton and Bolroii do not adapt themselves to a three-field arrange- 

 ment. They suggest rather small hamlet fields subdivided into 

 a few areas somewhat like midland furlongs. Throughout these 

 furlongs the parcels of a tenant were scattered irregularly. 



These characteristics are reproduced and emphasized in several 

 thirteenth-century terriers referring chiefly to townships situated 

 on the coastal plain between Preston and Lancaster. For the 

 most part they record grants to Cockersand abbey, grants that 

 seldom convey so much as ten acres of open-field arable, therein 

 differing from the charters of a midland cartulary, which nearly 

 always include some long specifications. In the brief Cocker- 

 sand transfers it is possible, none the less, to discover in a measure 

 the relative positions of the parcels conveyed. Typical in aU 

 respects is the charter relative to a messuage, garden, and 5^ 

 acres of arable at Sowerby.^ Not only were the acres granted 



^ William Farrer, Chartulary of Cockersand Abbey (Chetham Soc, 3 vols, in 7 

 pts., 1898-1909), iii. pt. i. 819-820. The specifications run as follows: — 

 " Robert us . . . recuperavit seisinam suam . . . 



de medietate unius acrae terrae iacente ex utraque parte de Bolronbroke . . . 



ac de una roda terrae in Bolrondale iacente inter terram . . . 



et de una alia roda terrae in Bolrondale per se 



necnon de medietate unius acrae terrae cum uno tofto cum suis pertinentibus in Bol- 

 rondale 



ac de tribus rodis terrae jacentibus subtus le Withins in Aldlancastre 



ed de una alia roda in eadem per se 



ac de tribus rodis terrae in eadem per se 



et de aliis tribus rodis terrae in eadem per se 



Et etiam de quinque rodis terrae in le Oldefalde cum sirposis clausuris 



et de una acra terrae super Bambrist iuxta le Lone in Scotforde cum quodam prate . . . 

 scilicet, Morehous, continente duas acras et dimidiam 



Et similiter de duabus acris et medietate unius [acrae] terrae iacentibus super Bambrest 

 per se 



ac de tribus rodis terrae super Bambrest per se 



ac de una roda terrae et prati super Bambrest 



Ac etiam de tribus rodis terrae in le Riddyng in Scotford 



ac de tribus rodis terrae iuxta le Standandstone 



et de una roda terrae super le Clyff. ..." 



* Ibid., i. pt. ii. 244 (c. 1230-1268). The arable comprised: — 

 " Tres perltijcatas in orientali parte de Stirap super aquam de Broc 



et unam dimidiam acram in occidentali parte de Stirap iuxta vadum de Quitakedich 



