26o ENGLISH FIELD SYSTEMS 



arable and pasture differed little in annual value. Both were 

 rated at from 12 d. to 16 d. the acre, whereas the arable of an 

 open-tield midland township was seldom worth more than dd. 

 the acre. 



A survey of the extensive Cornish and Devon estates of Lord 

 D}Tiham was made in 1566,^ describing in considerable detail 

 more than twenty manors, among others the great manor of Hart- 

 land on the northwestern coast. Holdings here are located in 

 large areas or by hamlets, and the parcels of which they were 

 composed are described as closes. Such was the case with the 

 tj-pical holding printed by Mr. Chope, that of Agnes Dayman, 

 situated at the hamlet of " Cheristawe." At Cheristawe were 

 five similar tenements with areas of 21, iif , 21, 14I, and 25 acres, 

 a total of 123 acres for the hamlet.^ No township of the manor 

 had in it more holdings than this, and usually there were fewer. 

 So far as can be seen, the manor of Hartland consisted of hamlets 

 the fields of which were small and enclosed. 



A few phrases used in other of the Dynham surveys, however, 

 demand attention. At Ilsington, William Prowse held " with- 

 out copy one holding with a garden and one ferling of land, 

 containing by estimation 30 acres, but he does not know where 

 they are because they he among the lands of the lords and of 

 George Fourde, esq. [lord of the other half of the manor]." ^ 



^ The MS. was in 1902 in the possession of C. D. Heathcote, of Porlock, and 

 has been described by R. P. Chope in two papers published in the Transactions of 

 the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, etc., vols, xxxiv (1902) 

 and xliii (1911). In the second paper, on "The Lord Dynham's Lands," Mr. 

 Chope sketches summarily the surveys of most of the Devonshire estates; but in 

 the first one, entitled " The Early History of the Manor of Hartland," he trans- 

 cribes all details and illustrates locations by a valuable map. 



2 Ibid., xxxiv. 438: "Agnes Dayman, widow, . . . holds by copy dated , . , 

 13 Henry VIII ... a half- ferling and one clawe of land, with their appurtenances, 

 in Cheristawe, ... to which belong 



1 house . . ., I bam, i garden, and i orchard containing i rood 



2 closes called the Crosse parkes containing 4 acres 

 I close called Swetenham containing 2 acres 



I close called the Hill parke containing 6 acres 



I close bewest the towne containing 9 acres 



1 close called ye Brodewey parke containing 3 acres 



I close called the Higher parke containing 2 acres 



I close called ye Lower parke containing 3 acres ^ 



and in the meadow \ acre." 



3 Ibid., xliii. 278. 



