290 ENGLISH FIELD SYSTEMS 



Unde dc rcdditu per annum cum viii d. ob. pro tenemento Gil- 

 bert! Fordcrede ix s. vi d. [at six terms] ... ad Nativitatem 

 domini i gallum ii gallinas Et [ad] Pascham xx ova. Et tenentes 

 predicti debent pro predicto iugo omnes consuetudines et servicia 

 sicut Johannes de Garde debet de proprio iugo suo de Cokeles- 

 coumbe predicto." ' 



The concluding phrases, such as are confessedly omitted in 

 the Gillingham copy but occur in connection with each dola at 

 Newchurch, disclose the financial aspect of the iugum. Vary 

 as they might in area, the Wye iuga were alike in the obligations 

 which rested upon them. Rents of assize and services were the 

 same for all. The former were set at 8 5. g\ d. the iugum, with 

 one-half as much for the half-iugum and one-fourth as much for 

 the virgata. The services were not burdensome, comprising little 

 more than the ploughing, sowing, mowing, and reaping of two or 

 three acres yearly by each iugum. ^ At Newchurch the value 

 of the rent of assize and of the services due from each dola was 

 eighteen shillings. These heavier obligations imposed upon units 

 which were usually smaller than those at Wye may have been due 

 to a better quality of soil. At any rate, it can no longer be 

 doubted that at the beginning of the fifteenth century the, iuga and 

 dolae were primarily financial, not agricultural, units. Whereas 

 several tenants shared in each of them and few tenants were 

 limited to any one of them, they did have financial unity and 

 stability. Their midland correspondents were not the furlongs, 

 as the boundaries at Gillingham might suggest, but rather the 

 virgates or yard-lands upon which, as units, rents and services 

 were always imposed in the midlands. Differ as they might in 

 the distribution of their constituent parcels, Kentish iuga and 

 midland virgates were ahke to the rent-collector. 



1 Exch. Aug. Of., M. B. 56, fif. 116, 1146. 



' " Et debet arare ad frumentum i acram et dimidiam acram terre domini cum 

 facto proprio, petere semen ad granariam in manerio domini de Wy, seminare et 

 herciare predictam acram et dimidiam Et debet arare, seminare semine domini 

 ut supra, et herciare i acram et dimidiam acram terre domini ad sementem ordei et 

 petere semen ut supra. Et debet falcare, spargere, vertere, curnulare, cariare in 

 manerium domini et ad tassum furcare unam acram prati de prato domini. Et 

 debet metere, ligare, et coppare in autumpno unam acram et dimidiam acram de 



