THE KENTISH SYSTEM 295 



and survey are obviously designated by personal names. Such 

 are " iugum Willelmi de lewte et Stephani de Chiltone," " dimi- 

 dium iugum Orgari pistoris," " iugum [Stephani] Bard et Neel," 

 " dimidium iugum de Bisshop," " dimidium iugum de Knottes et 

 Someres." In the Newchurch survey the dolae bore the names of 

 Godewin, Mawger, and Storn. Since iuga and dolae therefore 

 sometimes came to bear personal names, we may at once inquire 

 what this im.plies. 



If a person gives his name to a certain area of land or even 

 derives his name from it, that land is presumably his own in 

 some more or less intimate sense. The dola named from Godwin 

 and the iugum named from Stephen Bard must at one time have 

 been in their occupation or ownership. A clue to the interpreta- 

 tion of the Wye evidence from this point of view is to be had in a 

 still earher Wye rental one from the days of Edward I.^ Although 

 it is merely an enumeration of payments and of the persons 

 responsible for them, the names of the latter, we discover, are 

 names later borne by the iuga.^ Most significant is the frequency 

 with which the persons answerable for rents appear as groups of 

 heirs. Where documents of the fourteenth and fifteenth centu- 

 ries speak of " iugum de Clyt et Forwerde," the rental states 

 that the "heredes Chteres" and the " heredes Forwerd" pay 7^^/. 

 Where in the later records we have been wont to hear of the half- 

 iugum Foghelchilde, we learn from the early rental that the 

 " heredes Foghel " pay 3I d. In short, the rental transports us to 

 a time when most of the iuga were, to be sure, not in the hands 

 of their eponymous tenants, but in the hands of the heirs of such 

 tenants. It is a period antecedent to the two stages pictured by 

 the later rental and the stilj later survey. Back of it is yet an 

 earlier period, the existence of which seems guaranteed by the use 

 of the term " heirs "; for, if the heirs of a tenant hold a parcel of 

 land, the tenant in question must once have held it either for 

 himself or as representative of his family group. 



^ S. R. Scargill-Bird, Cusiumals of Battle Abbey (Camden Soc, 1887), pp. loi- 

 136. 



2 In a half-dozen instances, iuga, not persons, are named as responsible for the 

 payments. 



