THE EAST ANGLIAN SYSTEM 34 1 



diversis pedis in Cabal disf eld, partrikfeld, et Domiham hallfeld." 

 In general, however, the details of this survey reinforce the im- 

 pression got from the half-eriung of William Godhey at Martham. 

 So far as we can ascertain the appearance of the original tene- 

 mentum in Norfolk, it seems to have been either a compact 

 area or a group of not widely separated parcels. 



After examining above the appearance of a sixteenth-century 

 Norfolk holding, we proceeded to inquire into the pasturage 

 arrangements of that date and found them based upon so-called 

 fold-courses.^ A division of each township was set off as the 

 fold-course for a certain flock, and over the part of this which 

 lay fallow in any year the flock was folded from February to 

 October. Since the thirteenth-century tenementa were quite as 

 regardless of a three-field disposition of their parcels as were the 

 sixteenth-century holdings, we shall expect to find in early docu- 

 ments pasturage arrangements not unlike those which later 

 prevailed. 



Useful information touching this point is given in a series of 

 extents and custumals drawn up in 1278 and referring to the 

 manors of the bishop of Ely, several of which were in Norfolk 

 and Sufifolk. Three items in particular relate to methods of 

 tillage. First of all, it appears that the tenant of a full villein 

 holding was bound to carry manure for the lord and spread it 

 upon the fields. Sometimes he carried for a half -day, some- 

 times he drew five or six cartloads, and once, it is estimated, 

 the labor occupied all the tenants for a week.^ Evidently 

 stabhng of stock and manuring of fields were to some degree 

 practiced. 



Such a device, however, was not the chief rehance for main- 

 taining the fertility of the soil. As in the sixteenth century, this 



' Cf. above, p. 325 sq. 



^ " Item iste cariabit fimum domini per dimidiam diem semel in anno. ... Et 

 quotiens opus fuerit sparget fimum a mane usque ad horam nonam ..." (Cott. 

 MS., Claud. C XI, f. 221, Derham, Norfolk). " Et debent carfare quindecim mun- 

 cellos composti in quoscunque campos dominus voluerit pro uno opere. Unde duo 

 moncelli vel tres facient unam carectatam " (ibid., f. 259, Glemsford, Suffolk). 

 " Et iste et omnes pares sui cariabunt totum compostum domini per unam septi- 

 mam ad festum Sancti Michaelis. ... Et quod cariaverfnt debent spargere " 

 (ibid., f. 2436, Bridgham, Norfolk). 



