THE HYDROCARBONS 



143 



(2) Light petroleum, — naphtha, gasoline, benzoline, benzine, 

 kerosene, — volatile liquids used as solvents, fuels, and 

 illuminants. 



(3) Heavy petroleum, — mineral sperm oil, etc., — oily liquids 

 used chiefly as lubricants. 



(4) Petroleum jelly — vaseline, etc. — used chiefly as lubricants 

 and unguents. 



Similar products are obtained from Russian petroleum and 

 from paraffin. From the latter the product corresponding to 

 liquid petroleum is termed paraffin oil. The solid product is 

 paraffin wax. 



Fig. 46. 



Fractionate some crude petroleum by means of an 

 apparatus such as that figured. The purpose of the tube 

 bearing the thermometer is to allow the condensation 



