32 CHASE OF THE WILD RED DEER 



And so Manwood writes : — ' When a hart is past 

 his sixth year, he is generally to be called a hart of 

 ten, and afterwards according to the increase of his 

 head, whether it be crouched, palmed, or crowned.' 

 Speaking of the horns, he says : — ' Good foresters 

 and skilful woodsmen, in beasts of venery and chase, 

 do call the round ball of the horn that is next the 

 head of the hart, the bur ' (and so it is called at the 

 present day). ' The main horn itself they call the 

 beam ; the lowest antler is called the brow ander, 

 or beas antler, the next royal ; the next above that, 

 surroial ; ' what we call brow, bay, and tray. The 

 rough excrescences round the burr of the horn are 

 the 'pearls.' 



In the Booke of St Albans, p. 31, under the title, 

 ' To know the head of a hart,' I find the following : 

 — ' Thou shalt call the head of a hart Auntelere, 

 riall, and surriall ; and when you may know him by 

 the toppe, you shall call him forked a hart of tenne ; 

 and when he beareth three on the toppe, you shall 

 call him a hart of twelve ; and when he beareth 

 fourre, you shall call him summed a hart of sixteen ; 

 and from fourre forward you shall call him summed 

 of so many as he carrieth, how many soever they 

 be.' The Badgeworthy deer before mentioned 

 would be called a stag of nineteen points. 



