ERRATA. 



Cited paragraphs of tht' U. S. Cavalry Drill Regulations 

 are those of the 1902 edition. To conform to the edition of 

 1909, the following substitutions should be made: 

 Page 26, par. 459 should be par. 350 

 " 47, " 340 ' " " 241 



" 81, " 294 195 



" 84, " 315 21B 



" 86, " 346 " " " 247 



T V 



ner in which the Greeks, Gauls and Romans rode. Covering 

 this long period, only the works of Xenophon need be cited: 

 they are especially worthy of mention because they inchuh' 

 all the fundamental principles of equitation, and even in 

 our day may be consulted to advantage. It should also be 

 stated that prior to the 5th century, a covering stretched 

 over the horse's back was the only form of saddle. The 

 Orientals made slaves bend their backs to serve as mount- 

 ing blocks, and the Romans made use of stones called 

 "stades," which were set along the roads for the same pur- 

 pose. It was not until the end of the 5th century that the 

 saddle tree was invented and later, stirrups were added. 

 This invention materially modified methods of equitation 

 and permitted the rider to remain longer in the saddle 

 without becoming fatigued. 



Middle Ages. During the long period that constitutes the 

 Middle Ages, two customs contributed largely to progress 

 in equitation. These two fashions were chivalry and tour- 

 naments. All the youths of the French Nobility, eager t<> 

 rise to the dignity of knighthood, received an education in 

 which the first essential was to learn how to ride. Equit;i- 



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