52 One Thousand Questions in Agriculture 



some more heat than comes from exposure to ordinary temperatvires 

 — either by concentration, as in a covered frame, or by a mild bottom 

 heat. If you have glass frames or greenhouse, they are, of course, 

 desirable, but much can be done without that expense. 



Olives from Large Cuttings. 



/ am about to take olive cuttings from one-half to one inch thick 

 and 14 to 20 inches long, and zvish to root them in nursery rozvs. Please 

 advise me if it is necessary to plant under half shade? Also, can same 

 be planted out right azvay, or should they be buried in trenches for a 

 while before setting outf Would it he best to strip all leaves or branches 

 off, or leave one on? Hozv many buds should be left above ground? 



Plant in open ground in the coast district generally; in the in- 

 terior a lath (or litter shade not too dense) is desirable in places 

 where high dry heat is expected and where sprinkling under the 

 cover may be desirable. Plant out when the soil is right as to 

 warmth and moisture, which is usually a little later than this in the 

 central and northern parts of the State. Remove all leaves and 

 twigs and plant about three-quarters of the length in the soil, which 

 should be a well-drained sandy loam. The cuttings can be taken 

 directly from the trees and need not be bedded. If the cuttings 

 come some distance and get end-dried, make a fresh cut at planting. 

 If shriveled at all, soak a few hours in water before planting out. 



Trimming Up Olives. 



Limbs are shooting out too lozv on my olive trees. Would it be right 

 to trim them up zvhilc dormant this zvinter, or should I let them grozv 

 another year before doing so? I think I zvant the first limbs to start at 

 18 to 20 inches above the ground. 



Take ofif the lower shoots whenever your knife is sharp. Do not 

 let them grow another year. Theoretically, the best time to remove 

 them is toward the end of the dormant season, but if they are not 

 large as compared with the whole growth of the tree, go to it any time. 



Canning Olives. 



What is the recipe for preserving olives by heat, and hozv long do 

 they have to remain in the heated state? 



Canning olives is a process, not a recipe, and it has to be 

 operated with judgment. It resembles, of course, the common pro- 

 cess of canning other fruits and vegetables. It has been demonstrated 

 that heating up to 175° Fahrenheit is effective to keep olives in 

 sealed containers for over two years. The heating was done in the 

 jars in the usual canning way for several minutes after 175° was 

 reached, to be sure the contents were heated through. 



Renewing Olive Trees. 



I have olive trees on first-class land; no pest of any kind is apparent. 

 The trees look healthy in every zvay, and average about 12 inches at the 



