66 One Thousand Questions in Agriculture 



from grafts, it is desirable that some be removed. They should be 

 cleanly sawed off and the wound covered with wax or' thick paint 

 to prevent the wood from decaying. 



Pruning Walnuts. 



When is the best time to remove large limbs from zmlnut trees? 



This work with walnuts or other deciduous fruit trees should 

 be done late in the winter, about the time the buds are swelling; 

 never mind the bleeding, it does no harm, and the healing-growth 

 over the wound is more rapid while the sap is pushing. 



Grafting Walnuts. 



In cleft grafting zvalnuts is it necessary to use scions ivith only a leaf 

 bud, or tvith staminate or pistillate buds? Is cutting the pith of the scion 

 or stock fatal to the tree? 



In grafting walnuts it is usual to take shoots bearing wood buds, 

 and not the spurs which carry the fruit blossoms, although a part 

 of the graft containing also a wood bud can be used, retaining the 

 latter. Cutting into the pith of the scion or of the stock is not fatal, 

 but it is avoided because it makes a split or wound which is very 

 hard to heal. For this reason it is better to cut at one side of the 

 pith in the stock, and to cut the scion so that the slope is chiefly in 

 the wood at one side of the pith and not cutting a double wedge in 

 a way to bring the pith in the center. 



Grafting Nuts on Oaks. 



/ hai'c 10 to 15 acres of black oak trees zvhich I zvish to graft over 

 to chestnuts. Can grafting be done successfully? 



Some success has been secured in grafting the chestnut on the 

 chestnut oak, but not, so far as we have heard, on the black oak. 

 But grafts on the chestnut oak are not permanently thrifty and pro- 

 ductive, though they have been reported as growing for some time. 

 The same is true of English walnut grafts on some of the native 

 oaks. 



Grafting Walnut Seedlings. 



Would it be proper to graft one-year California black tvalnut seed- 

 lings that must also be transplanted? 



As the seedlings must be moved, plant in orchard and graft as 

 two or three-year-olds, according to the size which they attain. 



Pruning the Walnut. 



What is the proper time for pruning the walnut? Is it bad for the 

 tree to prune during the active season? I have recently acquired a long- 

 neglected grove in zvhich many large limbs zvill have to be removed in 



