Fruit Growing 69 



during the coming year, but allow the trees to assume more steady 

 habit and possibly even to encourage them to do so by using less 

 cultivation and water. If you wish to experiment with some of the 

 trees, give them an application of five pounds of superphosphate and 

 two pounds of potash to each tree, properly distributed over the 

 land which it occupies. You certainly should not use any form of 

 nitrogen. 



Temperature and Moisture for the English Walnut. 



What amount of freezing and drouth can English zcalnuts stand? 

 Under what conditions is irrigation necessary? 



The walnut tree will endure hard freezing, providing it comes 

 when the tree is dormant, because they are successfully grown in 

 some parts of the Eastern States, though not to a large extent; but 

 the walnut tree is subject to injury from lighter frosts, providing 

 they follow temperatures which have induced activity in the tree. 

 On the Pacific Coast the walnut is successfully grown as far north 

 as the State of Washington, but even in California there are eleva- 

 tions where frosts are likely to occur when the tree is active, and 

 these may be destructive to its profit, although they may not injure 

 the tree. You are not safe in planting walnuts to any extent except 

 in places where you can find trees bearing satisfactorily. Planting 

 elsewhere is, of course, an enterprising experimental thing to do, 

 but very risky as a line of investment. Irrigation is required if the 

 annual rainfall, coupled with the retentiveness of the soil and good 

 cultivation, do not give moisture enough to carry the tree well into 

 the autumn, maintaining activity in the leaves some little time after 

 the fruit is gathered. 



Walnuts from Seed. 



There is a reliable nursery company selling seedling Franquette walnut 

 trees on a positive guarantee that they zmll come true to type. Are or- 

 chards of this kind satisfactory? 



Walnuts do come truer to the seed than almonds and other 

 fruits and the Franquette has a good reputation for remembering its 

 ancestry. Until recently practically all the commercial walnut prod- 

 uct of California was grown on seedling trees. But these facts 

 hardly justify one in trusting to seedlings in plantings now made. 

 The way to get a walnut of the highest type is to take a bud or 

 graft from a tree which is bearing that type. 



High-grafted Walnuts. 



What is the advantage of a high-grafted zvalnut? I am about ready 

 to plant 10 acres to nuts and do not know zvhether to purchase Franquette 

 grafted high on California Black or not. 



The advantage of grafting English walnut high on California 

 Black walnut consists in securing a main trunk for the tree, which is 

 less liable to sunburn and probably hardier otherwise than is the 



