Live Stock and Dairy 195 



improvement, or mill it have poorer qualities than its sire and mother? 

 If this inbreeding can be done successfully, how long can it be carried 

 on, or, in other zvords, hozu long could o>ic bull be bred back into his 

 ozvn offspring:'' Can a herd be perfected in this wayf 



It is right and proper to breed a registered sire to his daughter, 

 who is the offspring of a grade cow. The first cross is all right 

 and the offspring ought to be physically perfect. This is a first 

 step in what we call line breeding, but in line breeding proper, 

 both animals must be pure bloods and registered, having ancestors 

 on both sides which have a long line of good individuals with 

 strong constitutions and true to type. To do this, one must have 

 a perfect ideal in mind. This line breeding is what has developed 

 the breeds today up to the high standard of perfection. Breeding 

 sire to daughter, if followed along these lines, will be all right; 

 at least, it was so in the case of Amos Cruickshank, the great 

 shorthorn breeder. You cannot successfully breed back on the 

 daughter's offspring, but if you use a straight out-cross on the 

 daughter's offspring you can again use this sire on her produce with 

 marked success. In the case of a grade cow and registered sire, 

 there are two things which will make you either lose or win with 

 one cross, and that is regarding the breeding of your sire. If he 

 is just an ordinary-bred fellow it will be a hit-and-miss game, but 

 if he is from a long line of good ancestors on his dam's side, you 

 can very materially improve the herd, because always keep in mind 

 the female produce from the sire's dam will grow with age toward 

 the sire's dam. So if your first cross from your first sire is all 

 right, use a straight out-cross bull, but be sure he is what he ought 

 to be, and then you can use your old bull back on his heifers. Of 

 course, a man practicing this breeding ought to be a thorough 

 stockman and a first-class judge of live stock. — W. M. Carruthers. 



Whitewashes for Stock Buildings. 



/ desire whitezvash recipes zvhich have given durable results on out- 

 buildings. 



It is so desirable to make outbuildings neat and clean, and so 

 important to keep trees from sunburning, etc., that a durable white- 

 wash as cheaply and easily made as possible is very important. 

 The following are commended: No. 1 — To half a bucketful of un- 

 slaked lime add 2 handfuls of common salt, and soft soap at the 

 rate of 1 pound to 15 gallons of the wash. Slake slowly, stirring 

 all the time. This quantity makes 2 bucketfuls of very adhesive 

 wash, which is not affected by rain. No. 2 — Whitewash requires 

 some kind of grease in it to make it most durable. Any kind of 

 grease, even though it be old and partly spoiled, will answer all 

 right, though tallow is best. The grease imparts to the whitewash 

 an oil property the same as in good paint. Tallow will stay right 

 on the job for years, and the cheapest of it will do. In order to 

 prepare this grease and get it properly incorporated into the white- 



