26 



CHEMICAL MANUEES. 



As tar back as 1848 antediluvian bones were dug out of the 

 Suffolk and Norfolk Crag. The upper Norfolk Crag contains 

 fossil bones of the elephant, rhinoceros, ox, etc. They are found 

 mixed with sand and gravel at a depth of 70 to 80 cm. (27 to 31 

 inches). The samples from the bone bed in the neighbourhood of 

 Sutton (Suffolk) are sometimes spongy and friable, sometimes 

 fibrous and resistant. The latter readily take a fine polish, and 

 itheir porosity can only be seen under the microscope. Their 

 analysis gives the following figures : — 



TABLE XVI.— ANALYSES OF FOSSIL BONES FROM SUTTON BONE 



BED. 



Water extracted at 150° C. to 170° C. 

 Water and organic matter volatile at 



red heat 

 Carbonate of lime . 

 Carbonate of magnesia . 

 Sulphate of lime . 

 Phosphate of lime combined with a 



phosphate of magnesia . 

 Phosphate of iron . 

 Phosphate of alumina . 

 Calcium fluoride 

 Silica ..... 



Nitrogen in 100 parts 



a 



little 



Three other samples from the same locality intended for super- 

 phosphate manufacture, yielded 58"61 and 6^ per cent of tribasic 

 phosphate of lime. Besides these deposits of phosphorites, result- 

 ing from the burying of bones, phosphorites are also found in the 

 •county of Suffolk, at Felixtowe, Sutton and Walton ; these deposits 

 are 20 inches deep. The phosphorites occur there as brilliant 

 black nodules, exceedingly hard, and were formerly used as pebbles 

 for road-making. Their composition is as follows : — 



TABLE XVII.— ANALYSES OF SUFFOLK, ETC., COPROLITES. 



Water and organic matter 

 Tricalcic phosphate 

 Carbonate of lime 

 Silica . 

 Oxide of iron 

 Oxide of alumina . 

 Fluorine 



Finally, deposits of pseudo coprolites are found in the Welsh, 

 Cambrian and Silurian at Mowdry, Pennyganedd, and at Beroin. 



