226 



CHEMICAL MANURES. 



TABLE LXVIII.— ANALYSIS OF GAS LIQUOR FROM COALS OF 



DIFFERENT ORIGIN. 



One litre of gas liquor contains 

 the following ingredients in 

 grammes, or 100 gallons con- 

 tains in lbs. 



Total ammonia 

 Hyposulphite of ammonia 

 Sulphide of ammonia 

 Bioarbonate of ammonia 

 Carbonate of ammonia 

 Sulphate of ammonia 

 Ammonium chloride 



According to the same author, the ammoniacal liquor from a 

 British gas works contained in grammes per litre (lbs. per -1 00 

 gallons) : — 



TABLE LXIX.— ANALYSIS OF BRITISH GAS LIQUOR. 



It will be seen from these analyses that carbonate of ammonia pre- 

 ponderates ; its percentage of ammonia chloride is likewise high. 



Production of Amvionia in the Maiiufacture of Coke. — If in the 

 very beginning of illumination by coal gas steps were taken to col- 

 lect the ammonia produced an the purifying of gas delivered for 

 consumption, it was not so in the manufacture of coke, where this- 

 body was for a long time totally rejected. The coke industry, 

 as it is now conducted, yields products identical with gas. The first 

 attempts at recovery of the ammonia were made by Stauf in 1764: in 

 a Saarbruck foundry. But it was not until 1858 that Charles 

 Knab constructed at St. Denis the first plant that gave good re- 

 sults, introduced by Carves at Commentry in 1762. It was erected 

 in 1866 at the Besseges Forge, then in 1879 at Terre Noire. In 

 1882, Simon of Manchester improved the Carves coke oven by 

 recuperating the heat to reheat the air to 500° C. or 600° C. The 

 shape of these ovens was completely altered. Knab's ovens, wide 

 and flat, heated under the sole only, and carbonizing at a low tem- 

 perature, have been completely abandoned to give place to Carvs,. 



