CONTENTS OF VOL. II. 



PART I. 

 INCITEMENTS TO THE STUDY OF NATURE. 



Page 

 THE IMAGE REFLECTED BY THE EXTERNAL WORLD ON THE IMAG- 

 INATION. POETIC DESCRIPTION OF NATURE. LANDSCAPE PAINT- 

 ING. THE CULTIVATION OF EXOTIC PLANTS, WHICH CHARACTER- 

 IZE THE VEGETABLE PHYSIOGNOMY OF THE VARIOUS PARTS OF 

 THE earth's SURFACE 1 9-21 



I. Description of Nature. — The Difference of Feeling excited by the 

 Contemplation of Nature at different Epochs and among different 

 Races of Men 21-82 



Descriptions of Nature by the Ancients 21 



Descriptions of Nature by the Greeks 22 



Descriptions of Nature by the Romans 29 



Descriptions of Nature in the Christian Fathers 39 



Descriptions of Nature by the Indians 43 



Descriptions of Nature by the Minnesingers 44 



Descriptions of Nature by the Arian Races 49 



Natural Descriptions by the Indians 50 



Natural Descriptions in the Persian Writers ■ 52 



Natural Descriptions in the Hebrew Writers 57 



Hebrew Poetry 58 



Literature of the Arabs 60 



General Retrospect 62 



Descriptions of Nature in early Italian Poets 62 



Descriptions of Nature by Columbus 66 



Descriptions of Nature in Camoens's Lusiad 68 



Descriptions of Nature in Ercilla's Araucana 71 



Calderon 73 



Modern Prose Writers 74 



Travelers of the fourteenth and fifteenth Centuries 78 



Modern Travelers 79 



Goethe 82 



II. Landscape Painting, in its Influence on the Study of Nature. — 

 Graphical Representation of the Physiognomy of Plants. — The 

 Character and Aspect of Vegetation in different Zones 82—98 



Landscape Painting among the Ancients 83 



The Brothers Van Eyck 87 



Landscape Painting of the sixteenth and seventeenth Centuries 88, 8£ 

 Franz Post of Haarlem 90, 91 



