366 



COSMOS. 



181 ; their expeditions and statistical 

 labors, 182 ; (on the superior scientitic 

 knowledge of the Hellenic races, 183 ;) 

 causes of the rise and fall of their uni- 

 versal sway, 184 ; embassy to China, 

 187; use of way-measurers in their nav- 

 • igation. 256, 257. 



Romer, Olaus, discovery of the measura- 

 ble velocity of light, 333. 



Rosen, Friedrich, translated the Algebra 

 of Mohammed Ben-Musa, 224. 



Ross, Sir James Clark, Antarctic expedi- 

 tion of, 336. 



Ross, Ludwig, on the early intercourse 

 between Greece and Egypt, 128. 



Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 75, 76. 



Rubens, truth and vividness of his land- 

 scapes, 90. 



Ruckert, his translations from Eastern lit- 

 erature, 54, 61. 



Rufus of Ephesus, early anatomist, 191. 



Ruisbrock (Rubruquis), travels of, and 

 results of his narrative. 249, 250, 264. 



Rumohr, Baron von, description of an 

 early Psalter, 86 ; on conical forms of 

 mountains in early Italian landscapes, 

 87, 88. 



Ruth, book of, its naive simplicity, 60. 



Ruysdael, his landscapes, 89, 95. 



Sadi, Persian poet, 55. 



Ste. Croix, 154. 



St. Pierre, Bernardin de, 46, 75, 76 ; inim- 

 itable truth to nature of his writings, 

 76, 77. 



Sanctorius, 220. 



Sanscrit language, its intermixture with 

 the Greek, 111. 



Santa Cruz, Alonso de, his general varia- 

 tion chart, 280 ; proposals for determin- 

 ing longitudes, 293, 294. 



Saturn, gradual discovery of its ring, 323 ; 

 Kepler's conjectures, 328 ; discovery of 

 its satellites, 329. 



Scheiner, Christopher, his observations 

 on the solar spots, 324, 325. 



Schiller on the rarity of descriptions of 

 nature in the poetry of Greece, 21. 



Schiltberger, Hans, of Munich, early trav- 

 eler, 78. 



Schlegel, August Wilhelm von, 154, 

 162. 



Schoner, Johann, of Nuremberg, calum- 

 nies on Amerigo Vespucci, 297 ; super- 

 intended the publication of the writ- 

 ings of Columbus, 306, 307. 



Scilla, drawings by, of the petrifactions 

 of Calabria and Malta, 348. 



Scotus, Nicolaus, 229. 



Scylax of Karyanda, explored the course 

 of the Indus, 142. 



Scytliians, the, investigations on their re- 

 lationship to the Goths, 146. 



S6dillot, M., on the astronomical instru- 

 ments of the Arabians, 214, 215, 222, 

 223, 255. 



See-ma-kuang (early Chinese statesman), 

 hiB poem of " the Garden," 104. 



Seleucidae, 170. 



Seleucus of Babylon, his corn' t knowl- 



edge of the Earth's structure, 109, 310, 

 of astronomy, 178. 



Seleucus Nicator, 169, 171. 



Seneca, Etruscan Augur-theory, 140 ; nar- 

 row confines of the earth, 152. 



Sevign6, Madame de, letters of, 76. 



Sextus JEmpiricus, 183. 



Shakspeare, powerful descriptions of nat- 

 ural scenery in his writings, 73, 74. 



Sidonians, their commerce, knowledge 

 of astronomy, arithmetic, and naviga- 

 tion, 130. See Phoenicians. 



Silius Italicus, scenery of the Alps and It- 

 aly, 38. 



Simplicius, on the date of Babylonian as- 

 tronomical notices, 115. 



Sismondi on Camoens, 70, 71 ; Ercilla, 72. 



Solis, Juan Diaz de, discovery of the Rio 

 de la Plata, 269. 



Solomon, route of his maritime expedi 

 tions, 136, 137. 



Sophocles, beautiful descriptions of na- 

 ture in his " CEdipus Colonos," 25, 

 102. 



Sousa, Martin Alfonso de, botanic garden 

 at Bombay, 275. 



Southern Cross, constellation of, early no- 

 tices, 288-291. 



Spanish writers of the I6th century,. char- 

 acteristics of, 2.59-264. 



Staunton, Sir George, description of the 

 imperial garden of Zhe-hol, 103. 



Steno on the substances contained in 

 rocks, 347. 



Strabo on the Mediterranean coast-line, 

 120 ; on Rameses the Great, 126 ; on 

 the circumnavigation of Libya, 127 ; on 

 the Sidonians, 130 ; on the Tyrian cit- 

 ies of the Northwest Coast of Africa, 

 132 ; PhcBuician commercial settle- 

 ments in the Persian Gulf, 136 ; on the 

 Turduli and Turdetani, 141 ; conjecture 

 of undiscovered lands in the Northern 

 hemisphere, 152 ; on the passage of Al- 

 exander's army across the mountain- 

 ous district of the Paropanisadas, 157 ; 

 his great work on Geography, 187-190 ; 

 supposed existence of another conti- 

 nent between the west of Europe and 

 Asia, 189, 268. 



Sturm, Johann Christian, discoverer of tne 

 diiierential thermometer, 340. 



Suanpan, Mogul reckoning machine, 225. 



Syracuse, 148, 149. 



Tacitus, descriptions of nature in his 



writings, 35, 36 ; acquaintance with the 



glessura of the shores of the Baltic, 131 ; 



discrimination of human races, 190. 

 Tasso, his " Jerusalem Liberated," 68 ; 



stanza on the discovery of America. 



240. 

 Teuei-iffe, volcano of, 135. 

 Telescope, results of its invention, 301- 



303, 3.53 ; date of its accidental disoov 



ery discussed, 317-319. 

 Theocritus, his idyls, 26. 

 Theophrastes, 183, 195. 

 Thermometers, invention of. 3.37-339. 

 Thomson, his " Seasons," 74. 



