350 cosmos. 



Langle (5350 feet), on the little island of Risiri. Jesso itself 

 seems also to be intersected by a range of volcanoes, from 

 Brou^hton's Southern Volcano Bay nearly all the way to the 

 North Cape, a circumstance the more remarkable, as, on the 

 narrow island of Krafto, which is almost a continuation of 

 Jesso, the naturalists of La Perouse's expedition found, in the 

 Bale de Castries, fields of red porous lava and scoria. On 

 Jesso itself Siebold counted seventeen conical mountains, the 

 greater number of which appear to be extinct volcanoes. 

 The Kiaka, called by the Japanese Usaga-Take, or Mortar 

 Mountain, on account of a deeply-hollowed crater, and the 

 Kajo-hori are both said to be still in a state of ignition. 

 (Commodore Perry noticed two volcanoes from Volcano Bay, 

 near the harbor of Endermo, lat. 42° 17'.) The lofty Manye 

 (Krusenstern's conical mountain Pallas) lies in the middle of 

 the island of Jesso, nearly in lat. 44°, somewhat to the E.N.E. 

 of Bay Strogonow. 



" The historical books of Japan mention only six active 

 volcanoes before and since our era — namely, two on the isl- 

 and of Niphon, and four on the island of Kiu-siu. The vol- 

 canoes of Kiu-siu, the nearest to the peninsula of Corea, reck- 

 oning them in their geographical position from south to north, 

 are, (1) the volcano of Mitake, on the islet of Sayura-sima, 

 in the Bay of Kagosima (province of Satsuma), which lies 

 open to the south, lat. 31° 33', long. 130° 41' ; (2) the vol- 

 cano Kirisima (lat. 31° 45'), in the district of Naka, prov- 

 ince of Finga ; (3) the volcano Aso jama, in the district Aso 

 (lat. 32° 45'), province of Figo; (4) the volcano of Vunzen, 

 on the peninsula of Simabara (lat. 32° 44'), in the district of 

 Takaku. The height of this volcano amounts, according to 

 a barometrical measurement, only to 1253 metres, or 4110 

 English feet, so that it is scarcely a hundred feet higher than 

 Vesuvius (Rocca del Palo). The most violent eruption of 

 the volcano of Vunzen on record is that of February, 1793. 

 Vunzen and Aso jama both lie east-southeast of Nangasaki." 



" The volcanoes of the great island of Niphon, again reck- 

 oning from south to north, are, (1) the volcano of Fusi jama, 

 scarcely 16 geographical miles distant from the southern 

 coast, in the district of Fusi, province of Suruga (lat. 35° 18', 

 long. 138° 35'). Its height, measured in the same way as 

 the volcano of Vunzen, or Kiu-siu, by some young Japanese 

 instructed by Siebold, amounts to 3793 metres, or 12,441 

 feet ; it is, therefore, fully 320 feet higher than the Peak of 

 Teneriffe, with which it has been already compared by Kamp- 



