352 cosmos. 



velde's Island ; Krusenstern's lie de Vries), which is consid- 

 ered part of the province of Idsu, on Niphon, and lies in 

 front of the Bay of Vodavara, in 34° 42' N. lat., and 136° 

 26 / E. long. Broughton saw smoke issuing from the crater 

 in 1797, a violent eruption of the volcano having taken place 

 a short time previous. From this island a range of smaller 

 volcanic isles stretches out in a southerly direction as far as 

 Fatsi-syo (33° 6' N. lat.) and continues as far as the Bonin 

 Islands (26° 30' N. lat., and 142° 5' E. long.), which, accord- 

 ing to A. Postels (Lutke, Voyage autour du Monde dans les 

 annces 1826-29, t. lii., p. 117), are likewise volcanic, and 

 are subject to very violent earthquakes." 



"These, then, are the eight volcanoes historically known 

 to be active in Japan Proper, in and near the islands of Kiu- 

 siu and Niphon. But in addition to these volcanoes a range 

 of conical mountains must also be cited, some of which, 

 marked by very distinct and often deeply indented craters, 

 appear to be volcanoes long since extinct. One of these is 

 the conical mountain of Kaimon, Krusenstern's Pic Horner, 

 in the southernmost corner of the island of Kiu-siu, on the 

 coast of Van Diemen's Strait, in the province of Satsum (lat. 

 31° 9'), scarcely six geographical miles S.S.W. from the act- 

 ive volcano of Mitake. Another is the Kofusi, or Little Fusi, 

 on Sikok; and another is on the islet of Kutsunasima, in the 

 province of Ijo (lat. 33° 45 '), on the eastern coast of the 

 great straits of Suvo Nada or Van der Capellen, which sep- 

 arate the three great portions of the Japanese empire, Kiu- 

 siu, Sikon, and Niphon. On the latter, or principal island, 

 nine such conical mountains, probably trachytic, are reck- 

 oned, the most remarkable of which are, the Siri jama (or 

 White Mountain), in the province of Kaga, lat. 36° 5', and 

 the Tsyo Kai-san, in the province of Deva (lat. 39° 10'), 

 both of which are considered loftier than the southerly vol- 

 cano of Fusi jama, which is upward of 12,360 feet high. Be- 

 tween these two, in the province of Jetsigo, lies the Jaki 

 jama (or Flame Mountain, lat. 36° 53'). The two northern- 

 most conical mountains in the Saugar Strait, in sight of the 

 great island of Jesso, are, (1) the Ivaki jama, called by Kru- 

 senstern, whose illustrations of the geography of Japan have 

 gained him immortal honor, the Pic Tilesius (lat. 40° 42') ; 

 and (2) the Jake jama (the Burning Mountain, lat. 41° 20'), 

 in Nambu, at the northeastern extremity of Niphon, with 

 igneous eruptions from the remotest times." 



In the continental portion of the neighboring peninsula of 



