PREFACE. xv 



the cell and of its place in life. In the 

 organization of the cells in a human 

 body Bjdrklund saw an example of a 

 universal law, governing all life. With 

 this thought as a starting point, he un- 

 dertook to investigate the problem, all- 

 important to his philosophy, of the 

 awakening of self-consciousness in a 

 cell-organization and the relationship 

 between this newborn ego and the cells 

 themselves, each of which, to a certain 

 degree, leads an independent life. 



The result of his studies was first 

 made known in 1894 in a treatise, "The 

 Relation Between Soul and Body from 

 a Cytologic Point of View." In the year 

 1900, he published the volume herewith 

 presented to the American public, in 

 which he has partly rewritten the for- 

 mer book, and further added his latest 

 conceptions of the nature and evolution 

 of life. 



This work is undoubtedly one of Swe- 

 den's most remarkable and interesting 

 contributions to contemporary philoso- 

 phy. It is also the last work from Gus- 



