106 DICTIONARY OF POPULAR NAMES CHARLOCK 



very rapidly, and soon fill shallow waters, sometimes forming 

 great masses, which decay and become offensive, causing malaria 

 in many districts, as in the Pontine Marshes near Eome. They 

 have no known uses, and must only be regarded as botanical 

 curiosities, more especially as they beautifully illustrate the 

 circulation of the sap, such being readily seen by the aid of a 

 microscope in the joints of their stems. Nitella transhtcens is 

 best suited for that purpose, but as Cliara vulgaris is the most 

 common, it may be substituted. By shutting up a portion of 

 this species in a phial containing a little water it will grow, 

 adhering to the sides of the glass, and be perfectly free 

 from the lime, and on being placed under the microscope the 

 circulation is clearly seen. There are six species natives of this 

 country. 



Charlock. {See Mustard.) 



Ohaulmoogra Oil, the name of an oil obtained from the 

 seeds of Gynocardia oclorata, a tree of the Indian Plum 

 family (Flacourtiaceae), native of India, common in the hot 

 valleys of Sikkim, attaining a height of 30 or 40 feet, having 

 glossy, entire, alternate leaves ; the fruits are globular, ash- 

 coloured, the size of a shaddock, and enclose numerous seeds 

 embedded in pulp, which contain an oil used by the natives as 

 a remedy for cutaneous diseases, and also for internal com- 

 plaints. Within the last few years it has been introduced into 

 this country, and is found beneficial in rheumatic affections, 

 sprains, diseases of the joints, etc. 



Chaw Stick {Gouania domingensis), a flexible - stemmed 

 shrub, climbing by the aid of tendrils to a great length, belonging 

 to the Buckthorn family (PJramnaceae). In Jamaica, the stems, 

 which are about the thickness of the finger, and fibrous, are cut 

 into short lengths and used for tooth-brushes, as they whiten 

 and preserve the teeth better than any tooth-powder ; pieces of 

 it put into liquor cause fermentation, and impart a pleasant 

 bitter flavour to cooling drinks. 



Chayroot, a name in India for Oldenlandia umhellata, a 

 weedy annual of the Cinchona family (Cinchonacese), wild, and 



