OAK OF ECONOMIC PLANTS. 293 



native of the Southern United States, used in this country as an 

 ornamental tree. 



11. Eed. {See Champion.) 



12. Swamp (§. Prinus), a tree, attaining a height of 80 to 90 

 feet, native of Carolina and other Southern States of America. 



13. Valonia ((?. y^gilojys), a handsome tree, attaining a 

 height of 30 to 40 feet, native of Southern Europe and the 

 Levant. The acorn cups contain a great quantity of tannin, 

 and several thousand tons are annually imported into this 

 country from Smyrna and other parts, used chiefly for tanning, 

 dyeing, and making ink. 



14. Willow {Q. FJieUos), a tree, in good soil attaining a 

 height of 60 to 70 feet, but in poor soil it remains a shrub, only 

 a few feet high. Native of North America, grown in this 

 country as an ornamental tree. 



15. Wainscot, or Turkey Oak, also called Mossy cup Oak 

 (§. Cerris), a large and handsome tree, generally with spreading 

 branches, native of the South of Europe, and introduced into 

 this country about 120 years ago. Its wood is much used in 

 turnery and cabinet-work. 



16. Mongolia. — Q. mongolica, Q. dentata, trees said to be 

 similar to our common Oak, natives of Northern China, where 

 extensive tracts of hill country are covered with them. A 

 kind of silkworm feeds upon the leaves. 



17. Evergreen {Q. Ilex), native of Southern Europe, intro- 

 duced to this country about the end of the sixteenth century, 

 where it forms an ornamental evergreen bush, 20 to 30 feet high, 

 seldom becoming a single - stemmed tree, unless early trained 

 with that view. In severe winters it is much injured. It is 

 also known by the name of Holm Oak. 



18. Abram's Oak of Mamre (§. pseudo-coccifera), — A fine 

 specimen of this grows on the spot where it is supposed the tree 

 stood under which Abraham entertained the three angels, but 

 what that tree was cannot be ascertained. It is believed that if 

 any person cuts or maims the present tree he will lose his first- 

 born son. This Oak is of moderate height, having a trunk 23 



