XVI CONTENTS. 



Mental and Physical Decline. Mortality at different Periods of Life. Comparative Structure, 



Functions, and Mortality of the two Sexes. 

 Artificial Epochs of Life. Gradual Change in the Mental Qualities. Independent Existence of 



the Soul. '. Page 538 



CHAPTER VI. 



OF SLEEP AND DEATH. 



Causes of the Necessity for Sleep. Its Duration and Manner of Approach. Manner of Awak- 

 ing. Cause of Night-sleep. Increased Warmth required. Connection of Sleep and Food. 



Of Dreams: their Origin and Phenomena. Somnambulism. Nightmare. 



Of Death. Old Age. Internal Causes of Decline. Death by Accident and by Old Age. The 

 Hippocratic Face. Final Insensibility 551 



CHAPTER VII. 



ON THE INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL AGENTS ON THE ASPECT AND FORM OF MAN AND 

 ON HIS INTELLECTUAL QUALITIES. 



Differences in Form, Habits, and Color of Men. Ideal Type of Man. Its Ascent and Descent. 

 Causes of these Variations. 



Doctrine of the Unity of the Human Race. Doctrine of its Origin from many Centres. 



Influence of Heat on Complexion. Cause of Climate Variations. Influence of Heat illustrated 

 by the cases of the Indo-Europeans, the Mongols, the American Indians, and the Africans. 

 Distribution of Complexion in the Tropical Races. 



Variations in the Skeleton. Four Modes of examining the Skull. Connection of the Shape of 

 the Skull and Manner of Life. Physical Causes of Variation of the Skull. 



Influence of the Action of the Liver on Complexion. Influence of the Action of the Liver on the 

 Form of the Skull. Base Form of Skull arising from Low as well as High Temperatures. 

 Disappearance of the Red-haired and Blue-eyed Men in Europe. 



The Intellectual Qualities of Nations. Synthetical Mind of the Asiatic. Analytical Mind of the 

 European. Their respective Contributions to Human Civilization. Spread of Mohammedan- 

 ism in Africa. Spread of Christianity in America. Manner of the Progress of all Nations 

 in Civilization 563 



CHAPTER VIH. 

 SOCIAL MECHANICS. 



Comparative Sociology. Connection of Structure and Habit. Connection of History and Phys- 

 iology. Insect Society. Descartes' 's Doctrine that Insects are Automata. Necessity of a 

 Mechanism of Registry for Instinct, Reason, and Civilization. 



Nature of Man. Influence of surrounding Circumstances on him. Dejiniteness of his Career. 



GENERAL FACTS OP EUROPEAN HISTORY. Introduction of Egyptian Civilization into Europe. 

 The Registry of Facts by Writing. Egyptian Philosophy in the Greek Schools. The Persian 

 Empire: its Influence. Analytical Quality of the European Mind. Influence of the Greek 

 Schools on modern Philosophy. 



Origin of European Commerce. Discovery of the Straits of Gibraltar. Macedonian Campaign. 

 Reconstruction of Monarchy in Egypt. 



The Roman Empire : its centralizing and civilizing Power. Fall of European Paganism. In- 

 fluence of the Christian Church. The Sabbath Day. The Reformation. 



Influence of Mohammedanism on Europe. The Arab physical Science. The Crusades. Dis- 

 covery of America by the Spaniards. Fall of the Spanish Power. 



Later Mental Changes in Europe. Disappearance of Credulity. Physiological Change of Eu- 

 ropeans. Effect of Mohammedanism in changing the Centre of Intellect of Europe. Analyt- 

 ical Tendency of the European Mind. Advantages resulting therefrom 602 



