CONTENTS. xi 



CHAPTER X. 



OF ANIMAL HEAT. 



Participation of Organic Forms in external Variations of Temperature. Mechanism for counter- 

 balancing these Variations. Development of Heat in Plants at Germination and Inflorescence. 

 Its Cause is Oxidation. Connection of Respiration and Heat. Temperature of Man. His 

 Power of Resistance. The diurnal Variations of Heat. Connection of these Variations with 

 organic Periodicities. Annual Variations of Heat. Control over them by Food, Clothing, and 

 Shelter. Source of Animal Heat. Effect of Variations in the Food and in the respired Me- 

 dium, both as respects its future and Rarefaction. Hibernation. Starvation. Artificial Re- 

 duction of Temperature by Blood-letting. Principles of Reduction of Temperature. Radia- 

 tion. Contact. Evaporation. Their Balance with the Heating Processes. Local Varia- 

 tions eliminated by the Circulation. Control by the Nervous System. Its physical Nature. 

 Allotropism of Organic Bodies Page 175 



CHAPTER XL 



OF SECRETION. 

 SEROUS, MUCOUS, AND HEPATIC SECRETIONS. 



Object of Secretion. Type of secreting Mechanism. Filtration and Cell Action. Of Serous 

 Membranes and their Secretions. Of Mucous Membranes and their Secretions. Of Hepatic Se- 

 cretions. The Liver: its Development and Structure. Source, Quantity, Composition, Uses, 

 and Flow of the Bile. Existence of biliary Ingredients in the Blood. Production of Sugar and 

 Fat in the Liver. Changes of the Blood-cells in it. General Summary of the four-fold Action 

 of the Liver: it produces Sugar and Fat, eliminates Bile, is the Seat of the final Destruction 

 of old Blood-cells, and of the Completion of new Ones. Of the ductless Glands. The Spleen: 

 its Functions 189 



CHAPTER XII. 



OF EXCRETION. 

 THE URINE, MILK, AND CUTANEOUS EXCRETIONS. 



Secretion and Excretion. 



Of the Kidney: its Structure and Functions. The Malpighian Circulation. The Urine: its In- 

 gredients, their Variations and Sources. Abnormal Substances in it. The Water and Salts 

 exude by Filtration. The Cells remove unoxidized Bodies. Manner of Removal of the Liquid 

 from the Malpighian Sac. 



Of the Mammary Gland: its Structure. Colostrum and Milk. Ingredients of Milk and their 

 Variations. Influence of Diet. Inquiry into the Origin of the Ingredients of the Milk, its Fat, 

 Casein, Salts, Sugar. Manner of Action of the Gland by Strainage. 



Of the Skin. Structure of its Epiderma and Derma. -Sudoriparous and Sebaceous Glands. 

 Nails. Hair. Ingredients of Perspiration. Exhalation: its Amount. Causes of the Vari- 

 able, Action of the Skin. Its Double Action. Absorption by the Skin. General Summary of 

 the Cutaneous Functions 213 



CHAPTER XHI. 



OF DECAY AND NUTRITION. 



Of Decay : Loss of Weight in Starvation. Interstitial Death. Effect of Allotropism. 



Of Nutrition: Nutrition for Repair and Nutrition for Remodeling, illustrated in the cases of Fat 

 and Bone respectively. 



Of Fat: Its Peculiarities, modes of Occurrence, and Origin. Inquiry whether Animals ever form 

 Fat. Artificial Production of it. Animals both collect it and make it. Accumulation of it 

 expends Nitrogenized Tissue. Conditions of the Fattening of Animals. Summary of the 

 Sources, Deposit, and manner of Removal of Fat. Its partial Oxidations. Summary of its 

 Uses. Nitrogenized Nutrition. 



