ENTEEIC JUICE AND SECRETION OF LIEBERKUHN. 



69 



As would be inferred from the difference of emulsifying power between 

 the saliva and tjiis juice, its organic matter differs from ptyaline. It is 

 estimated that the standard secretion of it is from five to seven ounces 

 per diem. 



The action of the pancreatic juice appears to be limited to the upper 

 half of the intestine, for it is in that region only that butyric acid is de- 

 veloped from butter. 



2d. The enteric juice is secreted by the organs known as Brunner's 

 glands, the structure of which has a certain analogy to the 



T i TM i -ITI 11 IT Enteric juice. 



preceding, and, like it, these doubtless belong to the salivary 

 group. Brunner's glands occur chiefly in the upper part of the small in- 

 testine, presenting themselves in the submucous tissue thereof as little 

 bodies, commonly compared by anatomists to hemp-seeds. They consist 

 of lobules with ducts communicating with a common outlet. Their se- 

 cretion possesses a more energetic power when mixed with bile and pan- 

 creatic juice, than the pancreatic juice alone, in producing fatty emulsions. 

 In the opinion of Bidder and Schmidt, the intestinal juice, which they 

 describe as being invariably alkaline, not only metamorphoses starch as 

 Fig. 20. rapidly as the saliva or pancreatic juice, but 



also exerts as powerful an action on flesh, 

 albumen, and other protein bodies as that 

 which occurs in the stomach itself. 



In Fig. 20, which is a half diagram of 

 one of these glands, a a represents the mu- 

 cous surface of the intestine, and b the 

 lobulated gland, discharging its secretion 

 through a common duct. 



3d. The secretion of the follicles of Lieberkuhn, which, as shown in 

 Fig. 21, are straight, narrow coecal de- Secretion of 

 pressions of the mucous membrane, found follicles of 

 all over the small intestine, and in a gen- Lieberkuhn - 

 eral manner analogous to the tubular follicles of the 

 stomach. Their interior is lined with columnar 

 epithelium, and in depth they are equal to the thick- 

 ness of the mucous membrane, their closed ends be- 

 ing therefore in contact with the submucous tissue, 

 and their mouths opening into the intestine. In a 

 state of health they contain a clear mucus-like secre- 

 tion. In inflammations of the part they are filled 

 with a more opaque, whitish liquid. From their re- 

 semblance to the follicles of the stomach which secrete pepsin, it may be 

 presumed that they possess a somewhat similar function; but in the 

 stomach, the resulting secretion is brought in relation with acids ; in the 



Diagram of Brunner's glands. 



Fig. 21. 



Diagram of follic 

 kuhn. 



of Lieber- 



