282 THE INFLUENTIAL AEG. 



ity is essentially and purely automatic. As such may be regarded the 

 instinctive actions of bees, any two of which, if placed under the same 

 circumstances, act with undeviating certainty in the same way. The 

 whole career of life of one of these insects is the whole career of any oth- 

 er. They build their combs now in the same way that they did a thou- 

 sand years ago ; their daily doings are the same as they have ever been. 

 Except as repccts a particular, hereafter to be pointed out, they may be 

 regarded as automatons. 



The introduction of a registering ganglion necessarily gives rise to an 

 Effect of the in- extension of the physical relations of an animal by connect- 

 regis U t C erhTg 0f * & its P resent existence with antecedent facts, for the gan- 

 gangiion. glion at any moment contains the relics of all the impres- 

 sions that have been made on it up to that time, and these exert their in- 

 fluence on any action it is about to set up. In virtue of them, the nerv- 

 ous mechanism has now the power of modifying whatever impressions 

 may be made on its centripetal nerves, and, within certain limits, of con- 

 verting them into different results. Yet still the automatic condition is 

 none the less distinct, and still the immediate source of every action is to 

 be found in external impressions. 



An increasing complexity of nervous structure is next evidenced by a 

 Sensory and division of the registering ganglion into two portions, which, 

 motor lobes. w j t jj some incorrectness, may be designated sensory and mo- 

 tor lobes, a division which is preparatory to, and, indeed, obviously con- 

 nected with, the introduction of a totally new method of action and source 

 of power. 



In Fig. 135 we have an ideal sketch of this new condition of things. 

 Fig 135 '^ ne letters used in the preceding cases, in this refer again 

 to the same parts. But now it is seen in addition that 

 the registering ganglion has assumed a bilobed aspect, 

 s ra, the letters respectively indicating its sensory and mo- 

 tor portions, or, to use the language of human anatomy, a 

 thalamus and corpus striatum. From these there branch 

 off commissural lines, radiating to a hemispherical collec- 

 tion of vesicular matter, c c, the representative of a cere- 

 brum. 



Assuming the registering ganglion as a centre, the arc- 

 like arrangement on either side of it is symmetrical, as is shown in Fig. 

 Theinfluen- 135. And since it will facilitate our consideration to intro- 

 tiai arc. ^ uce ^.g distinctive terms, I shall designate the external arc, 

 which is in relation with the external world, as the automatic arc, and 

 the inner one, which is in relation with the cerebrum, the influential arc. 

 Throughout this work I have constantly assumed the existence of an 

 intellectual principle, spirit, or soul, whose links of connection with the 



