534 GEMMATION. 



At a later period the contraction of the expiratory muscles assists. After 

 birth is accomplished, the mouths of the uterine vessels are closed through 

 the contraction of the organ, the lochial discharge carrying with it any 

 disintegrated residues of the deciduous membrane, and also large quanti- 

 ties of fat, derived probably from the degeneration of the uterine struc- 

 ture itself. 



That both parents are concerned in imparting characteristics to the 

 Influence of child there can be no doubt : it is fully established where they 

 both parents. are O f different races, as white and black, or white and red ; 

 and equally in the case of animals, as in mules, produced by the mix- 

 ture of different kinds. It is scarcely necessary to remark that this ex- 

 tends to the communication of more refined peculiarities, the resemblance 

 of countenance, figure, gesture, and even mental qualities, family like- 

 nesses which we daily observe. These impressions are of a much more 

 profound character than might at first be supposed, as is proved by the 

 fact that the third generation will exhibit peculiarities belonging to its 

 progenitors, though those peculiarities have not occurred in the second. 

 Even after parturition is over there still remains impressed upon the fe- 

 male a definite change : this is illustrated by the well-known case of a 

 mare which had borne a colt by a quagga, her subsequent colts by horses 

 being distinctly marked like the first ; and in the human female cases 

 are of common occurrence in which the offspring of a widow, who has 

 been married a second time, resemble her first husband. Marriage pro- 

 duces in this respect a permanent change in the female, a constitutional 

 impression not disappearing in any length of time, the influence of the 

 first husband reappearing in the children of a subsequent contract. 



2D. GEMMATION. 



The ascending axis of a plant is terminated by a differentiating part, 

 Gemmation of surr ounded by protecting structures. From this, as growth 

 plants and ani- takes place, leaves or their modifications are produced. This 

 differentiating part is a bud. In like manner may.be found 

 in the axils of leaves similar buds, which pass by development into 

 branches, but sooner or later the terminal buds are checked in their lon- 

 gitudinal increase, and the parts to which they would have given origin 

 Fig. 265. spirally being compressed into circles, a flower arises, 



and further development ceases, the reproductive phase 

 being now assumed. 



Among the lower animals propagation by buds is 

 also observed. Thus the hydra exhibits this manner 

 of increase, as seen in Fig. 265 ; and even upon the 

 buds thus produced, other buds, of a second order or 

 Hydra budding. generation, are found. 



