DISAPPEARANCE OF THE FAIR RACES. 591 



dental circumstance, but because of physiological conditions, Maximum of 

 that civilization arose in Egypt and in the Mesopotamian J^falntbTovm 

 countries. It was for a like physiological reason that it races. 

 spread next through the nations on the north shore of the Mediterranean, 

 and never spontaneously originated in Arctic Europe or Tropical Africa. 



Moreover, it must be observed how forcibly the doctrine here urged of 

 the passage of man from one complexion to another, and Disappearance 

 through successively different forms of skull in the course of of the red-hair- 

 ages, is illustrated by the singular circumstance to which at- e yed people in 

 tention has of late years been directed, of the gradual disap- Eur P e - 

 pearance of the red-haired and blue-eyed men from Europe. Less than 

 two thousand years ago, the Homan authors bear their concurrent testi- 

 mony to the fact that the inhabitants of Britain, Gaul, and a large portion 

 of Germany were of that kind. But no one would accept such a descrip- 

 tion as correct in our times. By some writers, who have not taken en- 

 larged physiological views, this curious circumstance has been attempted 

 to be explained on the hypothesis of a more prolific power of the brown 

 or black haired and darker man. That this is correct not a shadow of 

 evidence can be offered. The supplanting of the red by the black haired 

 man is neither on account of any insidious or involuntary extermination, 

 nor because of the numerical pressure alluded to. The true Cause of thig 

 reason is that the red-haired man has himself been slowly apparent dis- 

 changing to get into correspondence with the conditions that appea 

 have been introduced through the gradual spread of civilization condi- 

 tions of a purely physical kind, and with which the darker man was more 

 nearly in unison ; for though it might be shown that the climate of 

 Europe, by reason of the removal of forests, and other causes, chiefly agri- 

 cultural in their nature, has undergone a change, this is nothing compared 

 with the changes that have been accomplished in domestic economy by 

 better clothing, and more comfortable lodging and food, and these are par- 

 allel to actual changes in climate. What a contrast between the starved, 

 naked, and almost houseless peasant-savages of the times of Ca3sar, and 

 the well-fed, well-clothed, and well-housed agricultural laborers or manur 

 facturing operatives of ours, who, though they may be living in the same 

 geographical region, are literally in a warmer and more genial climate a 

 climate with which man is only in correspondence when his skin is of a 

 darker shade, and his hair of a brown or black color ! 



From these investigations of the anatomical peculiarities of the nations 

 of men, we may turn to those of a mental kind, which, in- O f the intellect 

 deed, are derivatives thereof. Doubtless the intellectual uai qualities of 

 qualities are manifested in the expression of the countenance natlons - 

 and in the capacity and. form of the skull. 



Considering, for the sake of convenience, groups of nations as they 



