TREATISE ON MILCH COWS. 



The escutcheon is the same as in the First Order ; except that it is on a small- 

 er scale, and does not reach so high up. The color of the skin within it is the 

 same. Of the two streaks of ascending hair. (F F) on the right and left of the 

 vulva, the one on the left is of the same size as in the First Order, whilst the 

 other is but half as long. Of the two horns, (B E) the one on the right is up- 

 ward of an inch shorter than the other. There is but one oval mark (D) above 

 the teats, on the left. 



Third OnuEn. — These Cows, while at the higlit of their flow, yield ticclve 

 litres a day, and continue to give milk until six months gone with call'. 



The escutcheon is of the same shape as in the preceding Order ; smaller, and 

 consequently spreading less upon the outer surface of the thighs ; the right hand 

 horn shorter, by about two inches, than the one on the left. There is but one of 

 the marks (F) along side of the vulva, on the left. 



Fourth Order. — These Cows, while at the hight of iheir flow, yield ten litres 

 a day, and continue to give milk until live months gone with calf. 



The escutcheon is smaller than in the Third Order; but the same in shape, 

 except on the right of its lower part, when the following irregularity occurs : be- 

 low the point A, the ascending hair is encroached upon by a growth of descend- 

 ing hair, that runs into the escutcheon, forming an angle, the point of which is 

 at I I. Measured across from the point A, this angle of descending hair pene- 

 trates the escutcheon to the distance of about four inches ; whilst the break which 

 it makes in the outline of the escutcheon is from six to seven and a half inches 

 long. 



Besides this irregularity in the shape of the escutcheon, this Order is distin- 

 guished by a streak of ascending hair (E) under the vulva, nearly three inches 

 long by two-fifths of an inch in width. 



Whenever the blemish or irregularity in the escutcheon here described is 

 found, it indicates a more rapid decrease in the daily yield of milk than would be 

 exhibited by a Cow possessing the same escutcheon free from blemish ; and the 

 rate of decrease will be proportionate to the size of the blemish ; that is to say, to 

 the extent of surface covered by the descending hair where it encroaches upon 

 the field of upward growing hair. 



Fifth Order. — These Cows, while at the hight of their flow, yield eight litres 

 a day, and continue to give milk until they are four months gone with calf. 



The escutcheon the same in shape as the preceding, but on a smaller scale. 

 Near the vulva, to the left, is a streak of bristling hair, growing upward, (F) 

 about six inches long by two wide. At the points A A, on the right and left, are 

 two spaces where the ascending hair fails and is replaced by downward growing 

 hair ; which spaces penetrate Llie inner surface of the thighs to the points I I. 



Sixth Order. — These Cows yield, during the hight of their flow, six litres a 

 day, and continue to give milk until three months gone with calf. 



The escutcheon the same as in the Fifth Order ; but smaller, and hid away be- 

 tween the thighs. Above it, to the right and left of the vulva, are two streaks 

 (F F) of ascending hair, bristling up and projecting sideways. They are of the 

 same size as the one in the preceding Order, just described. 



Seventh Order. — These Cows yield, whilst at the hight of their ttow, four li- 

 tres a day, and continue to give milk until they are two months gone with calf. 

 The same escutcheon, but still more hid away between the thighs. The 

 marks on the right and left of the vulva, consisting each of a growth of bristling 



