462 



MONTHLY JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE. 



There is this farther advantage, that, if the gyp- 

 sum 60 used' be strewed over the sets before 

 planting next year, it will stop their weeping, 

 and materially aid in producing a more abnn- 

 dant crop. I know that to be so, from experi- 

 ence ; my own crops last year having been so 

 managed were abundant, and of excellent qual- 

 ity. 



It is desirable also that larger quantities should 

 not be purcha-sed at any one time by the wealthy 

 than will ser\'e their respective families for a 

 month or so : there would then be a supply for 

 the poor always in the market, at moderate 

 prices. Nor should societies buy up largely to 

 give away: it is always better to risk an increase 

 of price rather than, by buying largely, produce 

 the evil which such large purchases are intend- 

 ed to prevent. The secm-ing of Potatoes to 

 plant in the ensuing year is anotlier point of 

 great importance to be attended to. Seedling 

 Potatoes should, if possible, be procured, and 

 the land that has been planted this year should, 

 on no account, be planted with Potatoes in the 

 next year; but, whatever crops may be planted 

 upon that land, srypsum should fonn a consider- 

 able item in the compost or manure. 



JAMES DEAN. 



Tottenham, Nov. 8. 



[The originals, of wMch the above are copies, were 

 laid before the Council of the Royal Aericultviral So- 

 ciety of England on Wednesday, Nov. 5.] 



Quakers, or Friends — originally called Seekers, 

 from their seeking the Truth ; and afterward Friends 

 — a beautiful appellation and characteristic of the re- 

 lation which man, under the Christian dispensation, 

 ought to bear toward man. Justice Benner, of Der- 

 by, gave the Society the name of Quakers in 1650, 

 because Fox (the founder) admonished him and 

 those present vrith him to tremble at the name of 

 the Lord. This respectable sect, excelling in morals, 

 prudence and industry, was commenced in England 

 about A D. 16.50, by George Fox, who was soon 

 joined by a number of learned, ingenious and 

 pious men — among others by George Keith, William 

 Penn, and Roben Barclay, of Wry.* The thee and 

 thou used by the Quakers, originated with their 

 founder, who published a book of instructions for 

 teachers and professors. The first Meeting-house, in 

 London, was in White Hart-Court, Grace Church-st. 

 The first meeting of Quakers in Ireland was in Dub- 

 lin, 1658, and their first Meeting-house in that city 

 was opened in Eustace-st. 1692. The solemn afiirma- 

 tion of Quakers was enacted to be taken in all cases, 



* The Quakers early suflTered grievous persecu- 

 tions in England and .\merica. At Boston, where the 

 first Friends who arrived were females, they, even fe- 

 males, were cruelly scourged, and their ears cut ott": 

 yet they were unshaken in their constancy. In 16.59 

 they stated in Parliament that 2000 Friends had suf- 

 fered persecution aod imprisonment in Newgate; 

 and 164 Friends offered themselves at this time by 

 name to Government to be imprisoned in lieu of an 

 equal number in danger (from confinement) of death. 

 55 out of 120 sentenced were transported to Ameri- 

 ca by an order of Council, 1664. The masters of 

 vessels refusing to carry them, for some months an 

 embargo was laid on West India ships, when a mer- 

 cenary wietch was at length found for the service. — 

 But the Friends would not walk on board, nor would 

 the sailors hoist them into the vessel, and soldiers 

 from the Tower were employed. In 1665 the vessel 

 sailed, but it was :rnniedia:ely captured by the Dutch, 

 who liberated 28 of the prisoners in Holland, the rest 

 having died of the plague in that year. 

 (9-^2) 



in the courts below wherein oaths are required from 

 aU other subjects, 8 AViBiam HI. 1696. This affirma- 

 tion was altered in 1'02 and again in 1721. Quakers 

 were relieved from oaths qualiljing persons to mu- 

 nicipal offices, 9 George IV. 1828 ; more expressly re- 

 lieved by statute 1 Victoria, 1837. This last act was 

 extended to persons who, having been formerly 

 Quakers or Moravians, had seceded therefrom, yet 

 had retained certain opinions as to oaths, 2 Victoria, 

 1838. 



SUGAR CULTLTIE IN TEXAS. 



Bkazoeia Co. Texas, Nov. 27, 1843. 

 To the Editor of the N. O. Com. Bulletin : 



Dear Sir : The following paragraph in Judge 

 Rest's Oration before die •' Agricultural and 

 Mechanics' Association of Louisiana.'' was pub- 

 lished in your valuable journal on the first of 

 this month. You will oblige many of your 

 friends here by re-publishing his remarks on the 

 culture of Sugar in Texas, togetlier with the 

 remarks which I subjoin. 



"A person looking upon the map of America," 

 (says Judge Rost.) "and perceiving a large portion 

 of Texas south of Louisiana, would naturally sup- 

 pose that Texas is the better sugar region of the two. 

 But the Louisianian who travels in mid-winter 

 through prairies of that naked land, exposed to the 

 unmitigated fury of north-westers, soon discovers 

 that he has changed climate indeed, but that ho has 

 not come to regions in which tropical plants love to 

 grow. I have it from a gentleman of undoubted ve- 

 racity, Mr. John C. Marsh, that he has planted cane 

 five successive years in the neighborhood of Galves- 

 ton, and that he has never obtained rattoons from it. 

 ■iou may then consider it as a weU-authenticated 

 fact, that im Texas, as far south as New-Orleans, cane 

 will not rattoon ; the cold in winter destroys the stub- 

 ble. I do not mean to say that it may not to some 

 extent be cultivated there ; but I assert that the com- 

 petition will be by no means a dangerous one. and that 

 upon trial it will be found that the Red River parish- 

 es of this State are better adapted to that cultivation 

 than the greater part of what has been called the su- 

 gar region of Texas. 



" Louisiana must remain the great sugar region ef 

 the United States ; her climate and her soil are the 

 best, and her geographical position is unrivaled. Re- 

 flect, sir, that almost every hogshead of .^ugar made 

 here is shipped without land carriage ; that planters 

 can alwaj"s ohtain from New-Orleans in two or three 

 days any machinerj' they want, and that their sup- 

 plies and their market are both brouiiht to their 

 own door. Compare this situation with that of the 

 Texas planter, and you will admit that there is no 

 room for apprehension." 



My only object in replying to this article is to 

 correct the eiToneous impre.«sion \vhich it has 

 or may propagate with persons at a distance 

 who feel an interest in tlie production of Sugar, 

 and who may be led to believe, that because Mr. 

 Marsh has failed to produce rattoon.s on the bar- 

 ren lands in " the neiehborbood of Galveston,"' 

 all Texas is involved in the same category. 



Eli Mercer, on the Colorado River, in latitude 

 30, has planted cane successfully for seven 

 years. Last year he produced 63 hhds. of supe- 

 rior Sugar, with but 6 hands, from rattoons siJ: 

 years old, and believes it will produce well 

 three to four years longer. His planting is on 

 mulatto-colored cane land. 



John Sweeney, on the Bernard River, in lati- 

 tude 29J, produced last year, with 28 hands. 182 

 bales of cotton, averaging 500 lbs. and 74 hhd.s. 

 of superior Sugar, witli a rude wooden mill to 

 grind his cane, which is supposed to have ex- 



