TREATISE ON MILCH COWS. 



by two and a half inches in width. They are very distinguishable, by means of 

 the whitish color of the hair within them. 



These streaks, to the right and left of the vulva, do not always occur in Cows 

 of the First Order ; and they are not, therefore, to be considered as an indispensa- 

 ble part of the characteristic marks of this Order. The escutcheon itself, even, 

 is sometimes imperfectly defined, and yet the Cow proves herself to be of the 

 First Order. 



Second Order. — These Cows, while at the hight of their flow, yield twelve 

 litres a day, and continue to give milk until they are seven months gone with calf. 



The characteristic marks are the same as in the First Order ; the escutcheon, 

 however, being on a smaller scale. The streaks (C C) to the right and left of 

 the vulva are shorter and wider. 



Third Order. — These Cows, while at the hight of their flow, yield ten litres 

 a day, and continue to give milk until they are six months gone with calf. 



The escutcheon is the same in shape, but more contracted. The streak (C) 

 the vulva, to the left, is nearly five inches long, by upward of an inch in width. 

 On the right of the vulva is a small patch of ascending hair (E), nearly three 

 inches long, by upward of an inch in width. The point is about six inches dis- 

 tant from the vulva. 



Fourth Order. — These Cows, while at the hight of their flow, yield eight 

 litres a day, and continue to five milk until five months gone with calf. 



The escutcheon is on a still smaller scale. There is but one streak (C) of as- 

 cending hair by the vulva, on the left, which is eight inches long, by something 

 over an inch in width. 



Fifth Order. — These Cows, while at the hight of their flow, yield six and a 

 Italf litres a day, and continue to give milk until they are four months gone with 

 calf 



The escutcheon is smaller, lower down, and confined to the interior surface of 

 the thighs. If any streaks of ascending hair occur, on the right and left of the 

 vulva, they consist of bristling hair, and are longer and wider than in the preced- 

 ing Order. 



Sixth Order. — These Cows, during the hight of their flow, yield five litres 

 a day, and continue to give milk until they are three months gone with calf. 



The escutcheon preserves its shape, but is still more contracted in its dimen- 

 sions. The point O is lower down. On the left of the vulva is a streak of brist- 

 ling hair, growing upward (F). 



Seventh Order. — These Cows, while at the hight of their flow, yield four 

 litres a day, and continue to give milk until they are one month gone with calf 



The escutcheon is smaller still. The streaks of ascending hair (F F) on the 

 right and left of the vulva are wider, by about an inch, than those above de- 

 scribed, and the hair is coarse and bristling. 



Eighth Order. — These Cows, while at the hight of their flo^v, yield txco 

 litres a day, and go dry upon being got with calf. 



The escutcheon is so small, and hid away between the thighs, as to be barely 

 perceptible. The streaks of ascending hair (F F) are still longer and wider than 

 in the Seventh Order. 



COW OF MEDIUM HIGHT. 



First Order. — The Cows of this Order and Size, while at the hight of their 

 flow, yield eleven litres a day, and continue to give milk until they are eight 

 months gone with calf. 



(1023) 



