TREATISE ON MILCH COWS. 



Second Order. — These Cows, while at the hight of their flow, yield ten litres 

 a day, and continue to give milk until they are seven months gone with calf. 



The escutcheon is the same in shape as that of the First Order, but contracted 

 ia its dimensions. The streaks (C C) on the right and left of the vulva are une- 

 qual in size — the one on the left being of the same length as in the First Order, 

 while the one on the right is considerably shorter. 



In several of the Orders there is, immediately under the vulva, and touching 

 it, a small streak of ascending hair (N), about two inches in length, by less than 

 half an inch in breadth. 



Third Order. — These Cows, while at the hight of their flow, yield eight 

 litres a day, and continue to give milk until they are six months gone with calf. 



The escutcheon is the same in shape, but more contracted still ; the points E 

 E are lower down and nearer together. Alongside of the vulva there is but one 

 streak of ascending hair (G), which bristles up and projects over. This mark is 

 from five to six inches long, by from four-fifths to six-fifths of an inch in width. 



On the inner surface of the right thigh, beginning at the point A, there is a 

 failure of the upward growing hair, which is replaced by descending hair. This 

 downward growth of hair is wedge-shaped, pointing toward the udder ; it is 

 about eight inches long, by four inches in width. The hair is very distinguish- 

 able by its whitish color. 



Although I have taken this place to make it known, this mark does not always 

 occur in Cows of this Order, nor is it peculiar to those of the present Class. — 

 Whenever it is found, let the Cow be of whatever Class or Order she may, it in- 

 dicates that her daily yield of milk will fall about one-third short of the quantity 

 set down as proper to a Cow of that Class and Order. 



Fourth Order. — These Cows, while, at the hight of their flow, yield six litres 

 a day, and continue to give milk until they are four and a half months gone with 

 calf. 



The escutcheon is smaller and lower down than in the Third Order. There is 

 but one streak (N) of upward growing hair, which is betwixt the thighs, in a 

 line with the vulva, and about two or two and a half inches from it. It is about 

 four inches long, by four-fifths of an inch in breadth. Within the escutcheon 

 there are two failures (A A) of the upward growing hair, like the one above de- 

 scribed — that on the right being larger than the other. 



Fifth Order. — These Cows, while at the hight of their flow, yield five litres 

 a day, and continue to give milk until they are three and a half months gone 

 with calf. 



The escutcheon is smaller still, and lower down. On the left of the vulva 

 there is a streak (F) of upward growing hair, coarse and bristling. This mark is 

 about six inches long, by an inch and a half in width. 



It is to be observed, in regard to the streaks alongside of the vulva, that when 

 they occur in a Cow of an inferior Order, such as they are described to be in the 

 Cow of the First Order ; in this case, whatever may be the inferiority of the Cow 

 as to the quantity of her daily yield, she will continue to give her milk just as a 

 Cow of the First Order would. That is to say, she will be just as long in going 

 drys after being got with calf, as a Cow of the First Order. 



Sixth Order. — These Cows, while at the hight of their flow, yield four litres 

 a day, and continue to give milk until they are two months gone with calf. 



The escutcheon is smaller, lower down, and confined to the inner surface of 

 the thighs. The longer and broader the streaks of ascending hair (F F) on the 



- fl02fi) 



