BARLEY. 171 



of water that will (low in it. It will fall 320 inches in a mile : the perimeter in 

 contact with the water will be, f<ix inches on the bottom and four inches at each 

 side = 14 inches ; the area of the section will be 6 times 4 = 24, which, divided 

 by 14, the perimeter, skives 1.7^ the hydraulic mean depth. Then by applying 

 the above rule, 



v= 1.23^/320X1.7 = ] . 23X7.4 nr 9.1 inches, the velocity per second, or 

 about one gallon per second, or one hogshead per minute. 



In practice, considerable allowance must be made for rough and uneven sides 

 and bottom, which would tend to retard the current. In larger channels, the 

 calculation would be more accurate. 



BARLEY. 



We much regret, and for one particular reason, that we have not had time to 

 compile a paper on this subject for this number, as we have reason to think that 

 some judicious wheat-growers may be disposed to try it, in lieu of that grain, 

 which the attacks of pestiferous insects and the casualties of seasons have con- 

 spired to render a very uncertain crop, and which the cheap lands and cheap la- 

 bor of the Western States, with the facilities provided by the Atlantic States for 

 its transportation to our sea-ports, still farther cooperate to render an unprof- 

 itable crop, even when not overtaken by either of the disasters referred to. How 

 can the grain-grower, especially the slaveholding grain-grower, whose force, to 

 be constantly supported, is applicable to the production and preparation of this 

 crop, for so short a period of its growth and preparation for market, compete, 

 when it gets there, with the new settlers of the prairies, who, according to the 

 judgment of an Editor of a leading Journal of Commerce, who lately traversed 

 that region, can make wheat at 16 cents a bushel ? The question is indeed a 

 serious one with farmers of the old States, to what product of the earth shall 

 they turn for a living profit ? Where are the non-producing consumers to be found 

 to demand to eat or to wear it when made ? Hence, the truth can never be too 

 deeply impressed on the actual cultivators of the soil, that the hapi)iest condition 

 for them is that in which there is the greatest number of people, and these in 

 the most prosperous circumstances, with bellies and backs waiting to demand 

 his meal, his flour, his meat, and his wool. Better, if he must be taxed, that he 

 should be taxed for this, than for the support of armies and army contractors. 

 But, to come back to Barley : we have reason to expect a paper on the subject, 

 in time for our next number, from the pen of a gentleman in the western part of 

 JNew-York, who is thoroughly conversant with its culture in that State, and to 

 whom we have addressed a letter covering the whole ground of inquiry. This 

 has been done more particularly for the benefit of Wheat growers in Maryland. 



From the Library of Agri. aud Hort. Knowledge. 



BARLEY. 



On THE Cultivation' OF Barley; Commu 

 Micated by Mr. Hitchi.ns, Laud-Surveyor, 

 Brighton. 



Barley. Hordrum. Tryundria Digj"'nia, 

 Linn. — Nat. ord. (Traiiiiiicap. 



Barley is considered to rank next in im- 

 portance to wheat : then; are six species and 

 sub-species in cultivation, besides varieties. 

 (363) 



1. Hdrdcumvulgare, spring or early haT]ej. 



2. " ccek'ste, a. vm-'iety o{ the above. 



3. " kexdsfickon, ■winter, square, or 



bear barley. 



4. '• disiichon, common or long- 



eared barley. 



5. " distichonniidum.naikeAhwcley. 

 C. " Zcocriion, .sprat or battledore. 

 There is no grain, perliap.s. more affected 



by soil and cultivation than barley, the same 

 species exhibiting opposite qualities, modified 



