THE FARMERS' REGISTER. 



115 



allowed to fall and rot on the ground, as a manur- 

 ing, and the second year pastured off, to leave a 

 clean rich turf lor wheat. The pasturing would 

 certainly benefit light land very much, lor tram- 

 pling is very necessary to it to make wheat or 

 clover. In lact while clover will not succeed on 

 any land without trampling, and red clover is 

 very much of the same nature, though not to the 

 same degree. His land being rollino:, would 

 only have one hoe or washing crop in &ve years, 

 and that would not wash it much when &e leaves 

 out a part through the winter for oats, prd'vided he 

 lays by his corn early, and lets it get gfassy, to 

 cover the land during winter, with the dry crop 

 grass, and none the less corn would he make for 

 it, as 1 believe there is more corn lost than made 

 by late working. 



I think there are some objections to Rivanna's 

 Bystem, as 1 propose to practise it. First, when 

 you do not graze the clover at all, which is to be 

 fallowed for wheat, as is ray intention, and turn 

 in all the clover, it is very difficult and tedious to 

 plough, chokes the ploughs, and makes bad and 

 slow work ; and again, after a heavy crop of 

 wlieat on clover fallow, your clover is apt to fail 

 from the wheat lodging, and killing the young 

 clover, and then you have a bad pasture lor the 

 next year for your stock. The first objection Ri- 

 vanna remedies by partial grazing ; but that I do 

 not wish to do, as 1 think it very important in the 

 four or five-shift system either, to return all of the 

 clover to the land in one of the years at least, and 

 should prefer to encounter the trouble of turning 

 in the clover to robbing the land of it ; for howe- 

 ver much the two systems have been lauded, I 

 think there is very little doubt they are sufficiently 

 exhausting on most of our Virginia lands to re- 

 quire all the clover once in the course of the rota- 

 tion to resuscitate them ; though with 'hat, and 

 the manure of the farm, I think good land will 

 improve sufficiently fast for any reasonable man; 

 and with the addition of marl, or lime, will im- 

 prove very fast. 



Another objection with me to Rivanna's partial 

 grazing both clover fields, instead of rigidly graz- 

 ing the pasture one only — it would defeat the 

 chief object I had in view in changing my system 

 from four to five fields, viz., remedying the insects 

 in my land by grazing, in which l^have great 

 confidence. 



Thus lar I am very well pleased with Rivan- 

 na's rotation. Last year, (1841,) I had a very 

 good clover pasture after the fallow wheat of the 

 year before, and it stood the grazing admirably 

 well, (having 80 head of cattle, 100 sheep, 100 

 hogs, including pigs, and occasionally 20 horses 

 and mules, on 160 acres, very nearly two "head to 

 an acre,) and the grazing made this winter's 

 ploughing for corn very good, as trampling makes 

 winter ploighing easier, instead of rendering it 

 more difficult, as it does summer fallowing for 

 wheat. I have a very fine promise for pasture 

 this coming summer, from last year's fallow 

 wheat, and if I can only continue to have good 

 pasture every year from the clover of the succeed- 

 ing year after the fallow wheat, I shall be very 

 well satisfied with the system. 



1 ought to mention that I only sow the corn- 

 field wheat in clover, relying on the volunteer 

 clover on the fallow wheat for the next year's pas- 

 ture, which I suppose la the practice of Rivanna 



and all others who pursue his system, as there \a 

 generally plenty of volunteer clover on the fallow 

 wheat, though I have always remarked that it 

 was much less apt lo turn out a good elover field 

 than the corn-land wheat, sown in clover, owing 

 to the lodging of the fallow more than the corn- 

 field wheat, and also to the corn-land being much 

 cleaner, as (bul land is a great enemy to clover. 



My system will vary somewhat from Rivanna's. 

 Mine will be corn, wheat, clover, wheat, clover 

 pasture heavily grazed, to go in corn again at the 

 beginning of the next rotation. His is, corn, 

 wheat, clover partially grazed, wheat, clover 

 partially grazed, to go in corn again at the be- 

 ginning of the next rotation. My object is, by 

 heavily grazing to try to remedy the innumerable 

 insects the clover has introduced in my land, such 

 as clover worm, cut worm, wire worm, and all the 

 variety of grubs we have m this country, which 

 render it so difficult to pitch a crop of corn, and 

 sometimes a crop of wheat too. For someiimes in 

 the fall I have had my wheat very much injured 

 by a little worm, resembling the wire worm, 

 (which does so much injury to corn,) only a little 

 shorter, which I called clover worm, fi-om finding 

 it in the clover fallow wheat, and not in the corn^ 

 field wheat at all. Hill Carter. 



THE ADVANTAGES OF THE CLIMATE OF THE 

 UNITED STATES OVER THAT OF ENGLAND. 



From the New Genesee Farmer. 



Your correspondent, W. Garbutf, of Wheatland, 

 gives to the English farmer the advantage in 

 length of season over the farmer of the United 

 States, without even adverting to the very great 

 advantage we have, in the superior stimulating 

 power of our much warmer and more kindly sea- 

 son of vegetation. If by some change in the solar 

 system, the power of terrestrial mignetism, or 

 some involution in nature's course, the soil of 

 England could be so far stimulated by the sun'a 

 rays as to produce Indian corn to perfection, should 

 we any longer hear of her "starving population," 

 reduced to live on the miserable bread made of 

 damp mouldy grain ? It is true that England has 

 less severe cold weather and a shorter winter than 

 we have ; but look at the slow process of vegeta- 

 tion there as compared with that of the United 

 States ; her late harvest crowded into the short, 

 cloudy, and even wet days of autumn, and it is 

 not surprising that her corn is damp and mouldy. 

 What would become of our ease-loving farmers if 

 ihey had to encounter the cold, sour, wet climate, 

 and slow vegetation of that country called merry, 

 not sunny, England 1 Would they not be re- 

 duced from bacon and corn bread, to turnips and 

 pea soup, from the delicious wheaten loaf and hot 

 rolls, to oat cakes and potato broth 1 



Mr. Garbutt says that roots cannot be cultivated 

 in this country to the same extent, ac^mnfageous/j/, 

 as in England, Very true, but then does not our 

 Indian corn, that thrifty precocious king of edible*, 

 (it being both food and fodder, oil and sugar,) ren- 

 der the like extensive cultivation of roots°unneces- 

 sary ? But we deny that roots may not be as easi- 

 ly cultivated in the United States as in England. 

 If our more sunny champaign country is not as 

 well suited to the turnip and potato, as cool and 



