130 



THE FARMERS' REGISTER. 



interest in his deteclion, the whole responsibility 

 rests on him, and ihe others are ot course exone- 

 rated. By this means 1 also secure my property 

 from the depredations of the neighboring negroes. 

 Thus, a few barrels of corn are made the means 

 of saving my property (o perhaps ten times the 

 amount, the whole year; and 1 am also spared 

 the painCul necessity of frequent chastisements. 

 This plan has thus far succeeded so much to my 

 satisfaction, that I determined to state it publicly ; 

 and I am very much inclined to the opinion, thai 

 were it made general, it would go a great way to- 

 wards breaking up the whole system of thieving 

 among our servants. 



But 1 have written enough, and perhaps too 

 much, for one paper. From the above it will be 

 seen that, as a loundation for my liarming opera- 

 tions, I have endeavored to avoid excessive and 

 injurious outlays in land, ncixroes, stock, and the 

 other necessary fixtures. The whole may be 

 summed up in this short sentence : The capital 

 involved is as small, as compact, and as available 

 as I could make it. If in the detail I have given 

 to myself a prominency which a becoming modes- 

 ty would (orbid, my plea is, thnt I have slateci the 

 truth, and I could not in candor state less. If 

 this apology is not sufiicient, I rely on you, Mr. 

 Editor, and on my good friend, JDr. Dupuy, to 

 supply the deficiency. In my next (lor having 

 commenced, I know not when I shall quit,) I pro- 

 pose detailing my plan for enriching my larm. 



J. H. Turner. 



first of our regularly constituted paper money 

 banks was the Bank of North America. Private 

 scheming whs undoubtedly at the bottom of this, 

 but the schemers owed their success entirely to 

 the hopes they held out of relieving by their new 

 institution the pecuniary wants of government. 

 The like is true of llie first Bank of the United 

 Slates. 



Banks have, indeed, been established in differ- 

 ent countries, solely to aid the operations of com- 

 merce. Of this kind were the banks of Ham- 

 burg and Amsterdam. But they aere Aard mo- 

 ney banks. 



ORIGirr OF PAPER aiONEY. 



From Gouge'a Journal of Canlsing. 

 It is a fact well worthy of notice, that in all- 

 countries into which paper money has been intro- 

 duced, it has owed its origin, not to the demands 

 of commerce, but to the necessities of the slate. 

 The reason lor this is, that commerce creates its 

 own medium. In commerce, conducted on legiti- 

 mate principles, mere promises to pay are never 

 substituted for actual payment. The merchant 

 may buy much on trust, but when the day arrives 

 on which he has promised to pay, he will, if sol- 

 vent and honest, fulfil his engagements. 



The necessities of the state, in very ancient 

 times, introduced paper money into China, into 

 Tartary, into India, and into Persia. And in mo- 

 dern, or comparatively modern times, the necessi- 

 ties of the stale have introduced paper money in- 

 to Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Rus- 

 sia, Sweden, Denmark, Great Britain, the United 

 Slates, Brazil, and Buenos Ayres. 



There are some who suppose, or seem to sup- 

 pose, that without paper money there would be 

 little or no commerce. We would call their at- 

 tention to the fact, that in no one country did the 

 necessities of commerce n'we rise to the use ol 

 paper money. The fact is of importance. 



The Bank of England^was established on condi- 

 tion of lending a/i its capital to government. The 

 first issue of paper money in this country was 

 made by Massachusetts in 1690, not to serve the 

 purposes of commerce, but to satisfy the demands 

 of some clamorous soldiers. The next was made 

 by South Carolina in 1712, to defray the expenses 

 iif aa ezpeditioii agaiuet the Tuscarorad. The 



PAPEP. MONEY REFORM. 



From the same. 



In no country into which paper money has been 

 introduced has the system been reformed. In 

 all, the enormity has gone on increasing, till if- 

 has exploded. It was thus with ihe paper money 

 of China, thus vviih thatis^sued by Law in France, 

 thus with the assignats, thus with our previncial 

 paper money, thus with our continental money. 

 And thus, we suppose, it must be with the present 

 paper money systems of Great Britain and the 

 United Slates. 



In Austria, France, Portugal, Sweden, Den-. 

 mark, and perhaps in other countries, as well aa 

 Great Britain and the United States, instances 

 have occurred of banks suspending specie pay- 

 ments and afterwards resuming them. But this 

 is, at best, hut a partial reform. Banks in which 

 the copartners are exempted from personal re- 

 sponsibiliiy, are chartered monopolies of the most 

 odious description. And wheiher such banks 

 pay, or refuse to pay, specie on demand, their pa- 

 per never can adequately perform the chief func- 

 tion of money. It may be very convenient as a 

 commercial medium ; but as a measure of value 

 it is one of the most deceptive that can possibly be 

 imagined. 



ACCIDENTAL EXPERIBIENT. RESULTS OF TOP- 

 DRESSING ON CLOVER. 



Extractfrom tlie Farmers' Cabinet. 

 On walking over a clover field which had then 

 been mown the second time lor seed, and the 

 crop raked into wind-rows, I observed that a 

 square space, about an acre, vvas much more 

 thickly set, and the leaves of a more vigorous 

 appearance than any other portion of the field, 

 and seeing that the great thickness of the crop 

 was marked wiih the exactitude of a line, I point- 

 ed it out to my friend from a distance, as the work 

 of a bad mower, who had left a pari of the crop 

 on the land, not having cut "the bottom half 

 inch ;" but on a closer inspection I could perceive 

 that the line ran across the swathes, and not xoith 

 them ; so that this could not be the cause of the 

 very great difference in the appearance of the- 

 crop, which vvas found to proceed altogether from 

 a closer plant of much more vigorous growth ; on 

 which my friend remarked— " The clover-seed 

 with which this field was sown was saved by my- 

 self, was carefully cleaned ia the barn, and takeu 



