CALCAREOUS MANURES— PRACTICE. 137 



part of the earth was of the same hard fuller's earth mentioned as being 

 on the other side— and the upper part of this was still worse, being in 

 woods, and the digging obstructed by the roots and trees. 



Labor used in digging and removing the earth. 



(• 



6 men 5 days, at 3H cents, - - - - $9 37^ 



5 women 5 i 



1 woman 1 > at 17 J cents, - - - - 6 24 



2 boys 5 ) 



1 old man 2 25 cents, - - . - 50 



2 girls 6 15 cents, .... l 80 

 8 oxen, for the scraper as before, each team at rest half 



the day, 5 days, at 15 cents, 6 00 



3 horses and carts, \\ days, at 38 cents, . . - 171 

 Add for damages to scraper and other utensils, ... 86^: 



Total cost of moving earth, ^27 48| 



Enough of the earth was carried by the carts to the dam crossing the 

 ravine, to raise the road as high as the bottom of the intended pit. The 

 balance was thrown into the valley wherever most convenient. Only a 

 small proportion, perhaps one third, could be thrown off, without being 

 carried away by the carts and scraper. 



The loads were carried to the same field, and by the same road as from 

 the former digging. The first hundred and ninety-one loads served to 

 finish the piece begun before, of which the average distance was nine 

 hundred and ninety-seven yards; all the balance was carried to land ad- 

 joining the former, eight hundred and forty-seven measured yards from 

 the pit. 



The loads were ordered to be increased to six bushels, which was as 

 much as the carts (without tail-boards) could hold, without waste in ascend- 

 ing the hills ; but as the loaders often fell below that quantity, I suppose the 

 average to have been five and three fourths heaped bushels, or five hundred 

 and eighty-one pounds. 



The tumbrels were kept constantly at this work, except when some of 

 the land was too wet, or for some otlier unavoidable cause of delay. All 

 the space which the old pits occupied, and over which the road passed, be- 

 ing composed of tough clay thrown from later openings, and which had 

 never become solid, was made miry by every heavy rain, and caused more 

 loss of time than would usually occur at that season. The same four 

 laborers, and two horses and one mule, employed as before, and their daily 

 work was as follows: 



May 13th, began the new pit 



13th, 2 carts all the day, and 1 for 2 hours only, (afterwards 1 ^ 



otherwise employed,) 47 loads. 



1 4th, 2 " half the day, then employed otherwise— ( 1 horse 



idle) 21 



15th, 3 " - - - . - . . . -61 



16th, Sunday, 



17th, 3 " finished most distant work with - - - 62 



191 



I 3 



