CALCAREOUS MANURES— APPENDIX. 253 



SO much diminished however, that its general average product this year 

 is fully twice as much as the land could have brought before being marled. 



The results of many particular experiments made during the progress of 

 marling this farm were stated in the ' Essay on Calcareous Manures,' and 

 the general benefits and improved products were described in a later 

 publication.* It is not necessary here to repeat these statements. But as 

 this article may come under the notice of some readers who have not 

 access to the others, the general results, as produced in the whole period 

 of twenty-two years, from the earliest experiment to the last product, will 

 be here very concisely and generally stated. 



The many and extensive old galled parts of sloping land, wherever 

 dressed with marl, and even without the further help of barn-yard manure, 

 are now nearly all skinned over by a newly formed soil ; and though such 

 soil is still both poor and thin, and may yet long remain so, the tvhole of its 

 present productive power is due to marling ; as such galled land was before 

 naked, entirely barren, and irreclaimable by other manures. Where much 

 or rich putrescent matter has been also applied to galls, with or after marl, 

 both rich and durable soil has been formed, though at great cost. 



The more, level parts of the old and greatly exhausted fields, and the 

 newly cleared wood-land, (both kinds being naturally poor, thin, and acid 

 soils,) are the only lands which have enjoyed any thing like the full bene- 

 ficial eflfects of marling. These have been increased in product from 5 

 and 10 bushels of corn per acre (which m.ay be considered the usual 

 minimum and maximum rates,) to at least 20, and in some cases to 30 

 bushels, even without the aid of barn-yard manure. Where putrescent 

 manures have been also applied, they have raised the products much 

 higher ; and these manures are now as durable and as profitable as formerly 

 they were fleeting and profitless in effect. 



The before poor and light soil which formed the greater part of the old 

 arable lands, and which was not above three inches in depth, (and scarcely 

 two inches when in its natural forest state,) is now seven inches or more, 

 and requires three-horse ploughs to break it to proper depth, where the one- 

 horse ploughs formerly would frequently reach and bring up the barren 

 subsoil. 



The fertilizing operation of marl has increased with time, even where the 

 effects were also the most speedy, and most profitable on the first crop after 

 the application. 



The soil, which before was totally unable to support red clover, is now 

 (except on the most sandy spots) well adapted to the growth, and capable, 

 according to the grade of fertility, of receiving the great benefit which is 

 oflTered by that most valuable of improving crops. 



And generally — notwithstanding all the many and great errors committed 

 in my marling, (for want of experience,) and of stiJJ worse general farm 

 management — and though a considerable proportion of the old land was 

 either but little or not at all fit to be improved by marling— and though the 

 land added since by new clearings was all very poor, and worthless for its 

 natural producing power— still the general annual grain products of the 

 farm have been increased from three to four-fold, and the net profit of culti- 

 vation and the intrinsic value of the land have been increased in a still greater 

 proportion. 



* See p. 112, vol. vii. of Farmers' Register. 



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