316 CALCAREOUS MANURES— CONTENTS. 



Note III. — The statements of British authors on marl, and their applications of 



the name generally incorrect and coutradiciory. 



Proofs in quotations from Kirwan, 181 ; Miller, 181 ; Johnson and Walker, 183 ; Practical Treatise on 

 Husbandry, 182; ' Syslema A^iicullura;,' 18;5; Evelyn's 'Terra,' 183; Bordley 184; ' I'ractical 

 Treatise,' &c. in regard to shells and sea sand, 184; Aitliur Youna, 185, 186; Lord Kames 187 ; Sir 

 John Sinclair, 187; Dickson, 188. Norfolk and Holkliam soils ami marling, 188, Proofs and quota- 

 tions from IVIarshall, 189, 192; 'Farmers' Journal,' 192; Count Gylltnbur^', and late English agricul- 

 tural journals, 193. 



Note IV. — Description and account of the different kiids of marl, and of the 

 gypseous earth, of the tide-ioater region (f Virginia. 



Object of the report, 194. True marl, 194. French marls, 195 ; Classification of marls, 196. Arpillo- 

 calcareous earth or true marlj 197. Sliell-mail 197. I'rt-sh-waler sh( II marl, 197. Kossil shell marl, 

 of the tertiary formation, 197. Miocene MARts^Geiieral position, characters, &c. 198; comparative 

 value, 200. Yellow sandy marl, 201; yellow clay marl, 201 ; crystals of carbonate of lime, 203; blue 

 marls, 2i)3; cause of color, 201; proporlions of calcareous earth, 204. Accidental ingredients of 

 marls, 208. Kinds distinguished by their respcctiye shells, 207. General operation of mincene niSrls 

 as manure, 207. Eocene marls— calcareous mails, containing liut little green sand, 207. Their disco- 

 very, and known extent, and peculiar operation as manure, a07 to 211. Gypseous earth of James 

 river. — Its first discovery, and known extent, 211. Dcserip:ion of appearance and gt^neral characier, 

 212 ; operatmn as manure, 214; sulphureous gas extricated from by heat. 215. Description of the clifi' 

 at Evergreen, and section of same and of pit, 216. iStatement ot strata exposed by deep digging at 

 Coggins Pomt, 218. Harrison's Bar formed of this material, 220. Efl'ects as manure, compared with 

 the New Jersey green-sand " marl," 220. Analysis (,f gyps'.;ous earth of O jggins Point, by Professor 

 Shepard,22I. Eocene green-saiid mail of Pamunkey, 225. General description, 226. Of tliffeient 

 kinds, 227. Green-sand in miocene marls, 23 1 . Known shells oi marls of lower Virginia, 234. 



Note V. — The earliest known successful applications of fossil shells as manure. 



Old experiment at Bonaccord, Prince George countv, 235. At Spring Garden, Surxy, 235. In King 

 William, 236. In Talbot :ouiity, Maryland, iiol. 



Note VI. — First views which led to marling in Prince George county. 



Early erroneous opinions and practices of the author in regard to fertilization of land, 241. Mistakes 

 discovered, 243. liiilicalions of correct views, 244. i'nst trials ami results of opinions of marling, 

 245. Obstacles to the mode of iiniiroveiiient, 218. Errors of practi' e and injury tlierefroni, 251. 

 Corrections and remedies, '252. General r< su^ts, 253. Par;icular results and tabic of crops, &,c. 254. ; 



Note VII. — Inquiry into the causes of the formation rf prairies and of the peculiar 

 constitution of soil whichfavors or prevents the destruction of the growth of trees. 



General and erroneous opinions on this subject, 256. Most general causes of absence of trees, 260. 

 Proofs of positions asserted, derived from genera:l descriptions of prairies, pampas, steppes, Sic. 260, 

 272. Analyses of prairie soils, 272-6. formation of prairies deduced and explained, 276. Application 

 of the views to improvement or preservation of I'ertili y of prairies, 278. Exceptions and apparent con 

 tradictions, 279. Ancient prairies of Virginia, 279. Soils made barren by excess of carbonate of lime, 

 and fertilizt d by irrigation, 280. Tiie sandy deserts of Asia and Africa supposed to be excessively cal- 

 careous, 280-4. 



Note VII. — Recently observed powers of calcareous earth, for increasing the pro- 

 ductiveness of land, and the hcallkfulness of the atmosphere. 



Composition of atmospheric air, 285. Animals, in breathing, take from the purity of the atmosphere, 285. 

 Opposite operations of plants, 286, which are greatly increased by the presence of carbonate oflinie 

 in the soil, 283. 



Note VIII. — Directions for burning and applying oyster-shell lime, 286. 



Note IX. — On the sources of malaria, or of autumnal diseases, in Virginia, and 

 the means of remedy and prevention. 



Mistaken opinions of the sources prevent attempts to avoid malaria, 289. The effects have in- 

 creased in Virginia from the first settlement until recently, 290. Proof's, 290-2. Nature of malaria, 

 293. Certain causes of the ptoduclioii, 295. Meetiiii; of salt and fresh waters, 296. Embankment and 

 drying of marshes, 297. Law of mills and mill-ponds, 298. Absurd operation oi, and evil effects on 

 health, 299, 300. Discharge of floods from mill-ponds over salt marshes, 30 1. Malaria jiroduced from 

 high lands, 302. Objections and exceptions considered, 302. Causes o:' general increase of malaria 

 vith time, 303. The causes of decrease in particular cases, 305. Means of prevention, 306. Benefit 

 to be expected, 307. Remedy now afforded by law against mill-ponds, 308. 



Note X. — ji machine proposed fir raising marl. 



Description and figures of a machine used at Fortress Monroe for raising sand, and which it is supposed 

 will be well adapted for raising marl, 309- 1 i. 



