26 



NEW ENGLAND FARMEP. 



[August 1% 



d»y, will be furnished lor Man and lieust on rea- 

 sonable lerms. Fiirlbcr Arrangements will be 

 publi<;hed lioroafler. 

 Worcrster. .lug. 5, 1855. 



NEW ?:.\GLAND FARMER. 



hRIDAY, AUGUST 19, Iii25. 



FARMBa'S CALENDAR. 



RvE. — If )ou have I;ind of suitable quality, on 



(Vosls of autumn, winter and sprinn^, iind the 

 plants will he more li(;ely to escape beino' what 

 is called leinter killed ; which, generally speak- 

 ing, means being killed i>y late Irosts in autumn, 

 and early frosts in spring;'. 



A «vriler in the American Farmer, vol. I, pap^e 

 173. says. " the great and the only secret in re- 

 gard to insnring a good crop of rve is early sow- 

 ing. From the middle of August to ibe niiddlc 

 of Seplomber 1 have always tmind to be the besi 

 time for sowing Kye. From tbrt^e peck" to a 

 bushel per acre is am()ly suifiiieni for seed. 



\Thich you are desirous to raise a iirofi ab e n i u V ,i ,i . i i 



•',,., I-,,, , ,, , I" •■ "= I Early sown rye IS much he, ivier than lh.it winch 



crop, *vith but little trouble and expense, vou i • i , "^ i c ,i •. «- i ii , 



•^V 1 1 ,. ,1 , •. •. . - IS sown later; and (uriher it atlords excellent 



rannot do better than to sow it with winter rve. , i ,u • c n j i . 



i, ., r 1 II . • liaslures lioth in (all and s|.i m", nor does paslur- 



^OIls of a sandy or gravelly nature are recom- ! . • ,, . ' "' , .' 



,.,■,,■ ^ ij ■ . I "'g iniiire the crop; in m iuv cades it is a lea: 



mended lor this grain. Kve is not only a prop. , y", ■• i i k . i i l 



,• I I r .L- J • ■■ . • ' I benehl — particula.lv when ealen down bv sberi) 

 er crop (or land of this description, but it an- /-^i ,' j i i .. ,• " .i 



^' 1,11 II, ! Clover also succeeds much belter a ler rve than 



swers a valuable purpose on a soil whicli is (oo !, .■,„ .i , ii 



rich to produce wheat. In Russia (we are told 

 by a coinmunicalion to the British Board of Ag- 

 riculture) the produce from boggy lands, drain- 

 ed and solved, with rye, is upwards of tort^ bush 

 eU to one bushol sowed ; and they generally u5e 

 a much sm.iller quantity of seed in sowing such 

 lands, than is necessary in sowing a soil not so 

 rich. Mr L Hommedieu, in a paper contained 

 in " Transactions of the A". York Agricultural 5o- 

 ciety,'''' observed, in suhsijince, that a neighbour 

 of his manured twenty square rods of poor, grav- 

 elly, dry soil, with four thousand menhaden fish, 

 and sowed it with rye, at the rate of one bushel 

 to the acre, in the spring it was twice success- 

 ively eaten off, close to the ground, by sheep 

 breaking in, alter it h.iil acquired a height oi 

 nine inches the first lime, and six inches the lat- 

 ter. These croppings, however, only sprverl to 

 make it grow thick r and stronger than before ; 

 and when harvested, it produced sixteen bush- 

 els, or at the rate of one hundred and twentv 

 eight bushels to the acre ; giving to the owner, 

 according to the calculation of Mr Hoinmndieu, 

 at the rate of eighty five dollars the acre of clear 

 profit. Mr Hommedieu says thai this account. 

 (which seems almost beyond the bounds of pos- 

 sibility) was attested to by many credible wit- 

 nesses. 



From the middle of An»u?l lo the middle ..f 

 September is said b^ most agricnllurisls to be 

 the best time foi sowing rye. In the Mflinoir* 

 of the New York Board of Agriculture, vol. |. 

 page 82, it is said, " R^e should lie sowed the 

 last week in August or the first week in Sep- 

 tember, at the rate of about thirty-six quarts per 

 ;icre, some say forty-eight quarts. But if it is 

 not sowed at thai time, it ought to be delayed 

 until late in November, so that it may pntcom.' 

 up till spring." A poor soil requires earlier 

 sowing than a rich one. If it is sowed early and 

 the land is in good tilth, one bushel of seed to 

 the acre will be sufficient, according to the Fur- 

 Tver's Jl.ssistaitt. For late fall sowing, or spiin<f 

 sowing, from a bushel and an halCio two bush- 

 els lo an acre will prove the pro[ier quantity. 

 Other things equal, the poorer the soil, the mure 

 seed will be required. 



There are two advantages to be anticipated 

 from early sowing of this grain. First, by sow- 

 ing it early you may firovide green feed for 

 sheep hrte in the fall, ami early in the spring; 

 ;md spcon<lly. by early sowing, and feedingln 

 the fall, the roots of the grain take such llrm 

 ;iiul extensive liolil of the soil that they are less 

 l.uble to be thrown out ot the ground by the 



In England, it is common lo sow rye for thi 

 pur()0«o of making gieen l'od<ler for cattle ami 

 sheep, particularly the latter i.i the spring. 



tors (it this fact, thai they think it iiulispen.sible 

 lo renew their potatoes fr.im the seed, al least 

 once in fourteen years. But, we doubt wliclb- 

 er more than one in a million of our farmero 

 ever think of, or al least practise such a thing. 

 Hence, wiih all our palrioli.'-m, and good honest 

 vankee partialities, we are obliged lo give the 

 preference and the higher price in niaikel to 

 English, Irish and Nova Scotia potatoes. 



We will now proceed lo the application of 

 our foreixoihg |irenioniloiy lecture. It is ikhv 

 or will be by ai>d l;y,time log.ilher potahie bulls 

 or polaloe apples for <Ped. The lollowing liom 

 D'aiie's .VeE' Engltmd Fanner poinis oui dig 

 (iiede of proceeding v^hicli may be adopted lor 

 ilii" purpose : 



" T.iUe the apides in the beginniiiJ^ ol' Oclo- 

 lier [oi whenever Ihey ii<- rijiej before ihe Ip st 

 his hurl tlieni; hang them U(i by ihe looi .s|;iiks 

 in 1 drv closet, where they will noi freeze; let 

 I'fm hiny llll March or April; ihen mash the 

 li'pies, \\.\A\ Ihe seeds from the pulp, ami drv 



•' Bannister's- Husbandrif^ a!i English ivork ol ihem in a sunny w'ndow. Sow the s 



seed* 111 a 

 iied. aboni the fir-l o!' May. When ihe plants 

 are four or five iiiche« biirh, Iraiwpbinl ih.ni in- 

 fo ground well prepared, one or Uvo pbnils jn a 

 hill. They will proitnce lull gi own apples, and 

 som- ofihe rooN will !>e a^ large as ben's eggs. 

 Bui if llie seeds were sown in aiilninn, some of 

 Ihem woiilil come up in the following sorin-'-. 

 A^oihing is more common than their appearance 

 in fields, where potatoes have been rai.-ed the 

 [(receding year.'' 



Ihe process staled in ".Ifonjt'j -Agricultural 

 D-etiimiiry.'''' an English work, is similar lo that 

 mtnlioncd by Dr. Deaue. excepting that it is 

 rrcommended in that work lo hang the apples 

 _.r 30 years ago, are so changed for the worse of the potatopt, in a warm room t,ll ChriMmas 

 in appearance and quality, that their best triend- 'rhen wash out the seeds, spread and dry Iherri 

 will hardly acknowledge ihem; .ml b;ive become in jiajier, and 

 sn-Mtxij and so walry. an I ^o much inpregnated I spring." 



with a son of indescril.able loh.„c..-like i,,.,gj' Potatoes, thus obtained, will produce pools of 

 thai even pigs of any pretensions to taste, unless ^he full sv.e the second se.ison alter sow in.r when 

 very hungry, will turn up their noses al ihem. j their qualities mav be m- re lully a*ce~rlaned 

 Tiie causes of thi' lamenlable deteiioral.on I than they could well be the first sea-on Thev 

 of one o( the best products of Ihe garden or fiehi : „;tl be found lo varv very much fiom the kinds 

 are ls|. The custom of some slnveily and niu- Irom which ibo apples w"ere gathered. 1| will 

 gardlyculiivatorsoipl.intin^ poor liltleg.iod lor- be expedient lo plaul but oup pol,,|oe, of ibe re- 



merit says " wiien rye is sown loi- ^h.^ep-leed, 

 is proper to allow three b(i«he|s lothe acre, for 

 where the blade haum or slalk foini ihe priini 

 ry object, a much larger pro|iorlion ol seeil is 

 requisite than when tlie crop is ineant tor h.ir 

 vesting." 



Potatoes Renevvec from Seed. — Ii has long 

 been a sulijecl of coinpiainl ihal oiir best soru 

 ol potatoes have degenerate. I, and ihos^- which 

 were formerly much admired are now scarcely 

 to be found in market. Some sons ol'thismnsi 

 useful of all edible articles, although tliey retain 

 ihe same names by ivhirh Ihey were known 2(J 



preserve them from damps till 



nolhing-polatoes for seed. The ruleof f)r. Coop- 

 cr, (laid down in Ihe last Philadelphia Edition 

 of Willich's Domestic Encyclopeilis) will apply 

 as well lo raising potatoes as domestic animals; 



generated sorts in a bill, that yon ma\ keep each 

 variety separate. Then, by kee[>iiig the prod- 

 lice of each hill by ilself, and boiling one or two 

 of each you may ascertain which is best for the 



'•choose those animals or rc^rf(a6/wlo propagate. I (able; and by observing the qu.intity of piodore 

 fro. ri what posapss Ihe qiialitiei you wi-ht> prop-, ii each hill.' you may form a | reltv good esii- 

 au'ate in ihe greatest perfection''' If you wish to; male relative" to Ihe productiveness of^ch sort" 

 01. lam a crop of potatoes of Ihe size of pistob |,i thai way vou mav iniroduce new varieties of 

 bullets, and Ihe llavour of assa/'(;h(/H, you \vili fotatoes, and supply yoiiisf If and neigbbou 



select such potatoes for seed, ami as long as like 

 produces its like your wish will be gratified. 

 But if you had rather raise large, fine, fair and 

 farinaceous tubers (as the learned call them) 

 which the Boston cockneys will snatch at a» soon 

 IS they appear m market, you will plant seed 



ind eventually the market, with potatoes ol ,•» 

 (iiality much superior to any -of the worn out 

 ind degenerate kind, which are now lo be fcund. 

 "he subject is of importance, and the man wli<» 

 kill iniroduce new and improved sorts of pota- 

 bes, will deserve bul little less of his country 



potatoes ol good size and the best quality, ^j. han he who improves our breeds of domestic 



Every species of plant, which is propagated by nimalj. 



slips, cuttings roots, buds, he. will in process ol 



time degenerate, and at length become not worth 



cultivating. This deterioration may be delayed, 



bul cannot be wholly prevented, as regards the 



liotaloe, for instance, by planting none bul the 



liiie«l roots. Bul, wjlh every degree of caution 



of Ibis kind it will al 'length become necessary lo 



obtain new varieties from the balls or apples of 



the polatoe. So sensible are European cultiva- 



Preserve your sheep from the Gad- Fly. 



rhere exists, in some parts of the country, a 

 pecies of lly, which naluralisis call a:strus avis, 

 f the same genus wilb that which deposits pggj 

 1 Ihe hair of horses, and cause.s bolls. This (]y 

 ttacks sheep, from about Ihe middle of August 

 3 the middle of September, deposits its eggs in 



