-e» 



NEW ENGLAND FAR^fEIt, 



[Sept. '2'3i 



tnules, by \.,r [he nioit iinrilv of any. Willi iit-|ii|i in sp(i;inile sdill-;, and often rubbed il;>uii. — 



teulioti to seleclion in l)reediiig' I lie Jacks, willi,i By sucli treatment iljere is not more diii)c;or ol 



perhaps, .1 dash of «omj cross of the loieifi>inij 1 liaviiivr a vicious mule than a vicious liorse — and 



description, » slock of mules may bo produced, | I am decidedly of opinion, that a iiigh spirited 



preferable to all others for the liijbt lands and 1 rnnle so managed and well brokf, uill not jeop- 



cotlon culture of liie middle and soiiniern slates, j ardize the lives or liir.bi of men, women, or 

 To procure any number of Jlratinn Jacks from , chiUh en by any mean? so rnucli as a high *pirit- 



Iheir native country, is hardly practicable at the ed hor^e, however well lie may have been Irain- 



preseiit time. £-.'/;>' has been celclirated by ■ ed. 



Sonnini and other travellers, for «ii[)('rb Jack' of The loncrevily of Ihe mule has bprome so 



the Arabian breed, wliich probably h.is been ' provei bial, that a purchaser seldom infjUiies his 



ollen improved by those introduced liy the I'il-'aife. Pliiuj s;i\e.* an account of one, taken from 

 grims iVom i^Iecca 1 apprehend no great diili-i Grecian history, that was eiahii/ ijeurs old ; and 



cully in ol)lajninQf them from that country. — 1 tliouijl) past lalionr, followed other" that were 

 Ti)ere is, however, no ipicslion but tiio .l/(//(cse; carry in^' nialeriais to bi;ilii Ihe temple of .A///icr- 



Jacks are of the Arahiim race, more or less de-;ru at Alhens, and seemed to wi-h to assist ihem: 



generaleil. The most of thom» brouu;hl to lhis[ which so pleaseil the people, tliat ihey ordered 



country that I have seen, were selected on :ic- 1 hi." should have tree egrcus to the gram m.irkel. 



count ot their i;ce, and had been used to IhoiDr Uees mentions itao that were sevoiti/ years 



(Iraujjht. I should recommend the selection of; oW in England. I saw m\seli' in the West Indies, I Ihe yLur/o/ sijstcin vi-.n established ui Europe; 



Ihcise that are esteemed most suitable for the j a mule perform his task in a cane mill, that his I "hen it is probable that the iinmerous rcli/iners 



saddle, AS \i\ie\y to possess greater /3i(r/(?/ (i/"6/oo(/. ' owner assured me was forly years old. I now | 'd iUr feudal lords, who held iheir lands by itie 



A J.ick ot this kind was, a number of years since I own a mure mulo, tzveiilyjive ijcurs &/</, that l|'rE.\ur.t: of |ierfornim!j l:iiif;ht's service, found 



imported from Gibraltar, that liad been selected ; have had in constant work iwenlyone years, and j Ibi'msolvps under Ihe necessity o( making the 



b(H!i (lef,'ia<led, and j.lar-e him, as in former 

 atje?, upon a more lii^pitied looting — an object 

 (il uckiioVidcd^cdAiiwity ; and thereby inliodnce 

 a more correct system ■ f breedinj; and manage- 

 meoi, in which oui- countrymen are so general- 

 ly di^lii-ienl. consequenily more pertect animals 

 and .'urh an ailvancc in the price of them, th.it 

 will afford Ihe farmer what he is now a slriingi-p 

 li: — >uch r- tn'ineral;i..n as « ill make hl.s LruoJ 

 mores a |irolilali!e species oi .-luck. And it 13 

 otivious, iliat the sysleni will be followed by :in 

 .mprovement in ihe breed of mu/ci, in Ihe same 

 lalioas themiseralde race tW jC;!i6 mares, wbH U 

 ari' now consuming the prolits of agricultuie, 

 shall bec(j;ne extinct. 



ll does not app.'ar that the horse was employ, 

 ed by the ar^cieiiis lor any purpo-e of husbandry. 

 The ex and ass drew the lAoiigh and the ■xuin, 

 and performed ail kinils of diudgery until allei? 



by a British oilicer al Malla; and very much | can discover no diminution in her poiver- ; she 

 resembled the Kiii-jlu of .Malta described by i\]rt has wilhiii a year past oflcn taken upwards of s 

 Ciistis. I lound upon a careful examination, j ton weight in a wagon to Boston, a distance of 

 that he difiered but iitile from the description! more than live miles. A genlbinan in mv ne'gh- 



) had heard and read of the true Arabian race ; 

 indeed 1 coub) di-cover some prominent points 

 and m.irks, that agreed with those found, by pro- 

 lessor I'allas, to belong to the lleinionus or wild 

 mule of Mougalia. From this Jack I have bred 

 a slock, out of a large Spanish J eiincl of the Jn- 

 dtilusian breed, that correspond very minutely 

 with Mr Cuslis's descrifitiou of Compound, bred 

 by General Wasiiington, and also a mule that 



bourhood has owned a very large uuile about 

 fourteen years, that (;annot be less ih.m mcntij- 

 cif^lil years old. He informed me a few da\s 

 since, that he could not perceive tile lea-t fail- 

 ure in him, and wouUI not exchange him for any 

 larni-horse in the country. And I am just in- 

 formed, from a source entitled to perfect ronlj- 

 dence, tliat a highly respectable gentlem.in and 

 eminent agriculturist, near Ccnlre-jille, on the 



now, not three years old, stands lit'teen liands. ] E.istern shore ol' Alurylund, owns a mule, that is 

 and l\as other points of great promise. llairly-fvc years old, m capable of labour as at 



Such have been the r^ivagej of war and anar | any former period, 

 chy in Spain for a long time past, that the line 'I'he great Roman na{ura!ist, in one of the 

 race of Jacks that country once possessed harp|">o-t be.iulilul passages of bis elaliorale hlstorv 



lioisos they were obliged to keep, coi;lr;l;ute 

 towards tlieir .>^upporl in the cnllivaiioii. Fron> 

 ibis time I bfilieve, we may d.ite, and to this 

 cause 111, ly be attributed the introduction (d'tlio 

 liorse lor the [duposes ot agriciilluro. Since 

 ih.it period, the history of Kurope is little else 

 than tlie annals ol z;-u/- and its preparations ; an.l 

 no material for liial scourge, except the lieluded 

 humo-.i victims, seems moie necessary ihan iho 

 b()!?e accordingiy we lin;!. that tliruiigiioul the 

 >»bu!e connlry, IVgiu the lihiisc or the Seine, to 

 bevoiid Ihe Dannie and Vistula, which has been 

 ilie principal arsna, the MsUm of agriculture 

 lias embraced, extensivtdy, ihe breeding of hi.i- 

 es of grades and loiins adapted to the se\ei;.l 

 uses in wai. Indeed whole provinces were ap. 

 proprialed almost exclusively In the learin"- 

 those animal.- for d.sjiosal ;o li.e oillVienl ci in- 



become almost extinct. In Slajorca and proba-j of naliire, observes Unit "the earth is constanih/l batants ; and it must be obvious, that Ibeir gen- 

 bly some part of the coast of Spain opposite, 1 '<'"-cJ more to fanisli the luxuries of man (/mji '•■"''' "*-' '" husbandry, at the same ti.iie, wouitf 

 1he large breed may be obtained : and there for- his necessities.'''--' We can h,u e no doubt but thai I 'o'hnv as ,1 necessary roiisei|Ueixe. It cannot 

 inorly was a sujierior race ill J«(i(/u,v;a, which j ibe remark applied with great jiishce to dip } ''e e.specleil therefore, but that ihe /.^cfc'i ami 

 it is hoped have been preserved. Crosses on ; habits of the iviun..ns in the time of Pliny ; and j '" '"'""^ " '"^ have emigraled to our counlrv, 

 one of these breeds by the Arabian or Maltese, ' am coiiiidenl ihat ample (iroofs can beaddiic- "bould binig with lliein mic.'i strong predileciioiVs 

 I Consider indisjiensable to fiirni-h a race of ed, that it will lo.-e none of its force or //m//;, at j ''■"" ''"^ '""'■'''^ " ''"^'' h.ive coi. tinned ivilh most 

 Jacks for the production of the most desir.ible ihe present period, in all northern climates, or""' 'heir descendanls, especially in those secliuna 

 mules, uniting ihe weight an 1 bone of one, with any section of the United Slates where the hor<e j "here commiinilies ol ihat resjiectable and in- 

 dustrious poition ol our population liave beeu 

 located. In (Irtat Britain, to the causes uhicli 



this noble animal, on the contrary I teel a strong h.ae produced the cfTecls descrilnil on the con 



allachment for him ; and at l!ie same time a fidl 



conviction, that the subslitulinn of the mule, for 



ihe [lurposes before slated, as extensively as 



the spirit and vigour of the other; allhoiigh 

 their height will in a grent mea-ure depend on 

 Ihe marcs, yet if sired by full blooded iVIallcse 

 Jacks, their limbs are too slender and tlieir pas- 

 terns t.jo long for heavy draught ; liut for Ihe 

 saddle, especially from blood mares, they are ad- 

 ■ ibl ■ • ■ 



iS emjiloyed lor agriculture as well as for plea*- 

 iire. Far be it from me, however, to disparage 



miraUle, and out of stout mares suilable lor light I "'ay be consistent with Ihe reipii«ilc |)rodur.tion 

 carriages. of each species, will bare the elVect of restor- 



IMy attentio'i has been but lately directed to | ing Ihe horse to the station Irom which he has 

 breeding moles; and liiose inlended only for mv 

 own use. The system .ido[)led is to halter therri 

 at four montlis, and h.ive ih*- m ales emasculated 

 betore six niontiis obi; which has great inilu- 

 ence on tlieir future conduct, and is attended 

 Willi much less h.izard and irouble, than if de- 

 layed until they are one or two years old, as 15 

 Ihe general |>ractice. If Ihey are tr^.tUul gently 

 Kiid fed occ.isionally out of the hand, with corn, 

 jotnt'ics, &,c. they soon become allached ; and 

 when they lind that " every man's h.T-id is nol 



an I'liirmy to man. The body of waters ditiij;e liim 

 wilh rains, oppress hiin wilh hail, and diowii hiui with 

 iiiuiidaliuns ; lh« air riisht:s on in storms, prepares the 

 ItniprFt, or lijhis op the volcano; hiil tht earlh, srenlic 

 and iadiilscnt, CM r suhsrrTiunt to Ihi wants ot man, 

 apixMds his walks witli llowt-r", and liis labk- wiUi 

 piriity ; ri-tlins with iati-reat I'vcry good i!iiminjlt"d to 

 her c:\r*', awd Iliooih slic prodncM the poiJ^on, ^he ililt 

 snpplies IhH anlidote, Ihnn'rh cnnslanlli) teased more lo 

 I'urnisJi. Ihe luxuries 0/ man, than his necessities, yet, 

 fvun to tlie last, shecontintics her kinrl indulgence, and 

 , , - , . , , . .■ wliiai Hie i.^ over, she piously hidet his remains in licr 



■faave Lie power. In winl«r they should bo lied h.,jom."-Hjrtjf'* .Xalaral llisiury, iiuw 11. Ch. 63. 



Iinenl, may be added the insular position of ihe 

 United Kingdom, vulnerable from numberless 

 and distant points, the horse has been consider- 

 ed, in connection with the unconcpierable spirit 

 of the nation, as one of the most elhcient mean.'s 

 ol' repelling invasion. A circumsUince that 

 . would itsell be sudicienl to arconnt lor the oxer- 

 ■ - It ,s the earlh, tl,at like a kind mother, r.ceires ' ,„,„,„,•„, attaci.ment lo this animal. But idenli- 

 us at our birth, and anatains iis when horn. It is Ihi- I • 1 i- • 1 ■ " " "wt-uu 



alone, ..fall Hit elements around us, that is n.vrr found | '"■^' "' '"* services have been lor a lung period, 



wilh Ihe convenience, cports, and recreations 



agiinsl them," will h.ive no [iropensity to direc 

 (heir heels against him, and soini forget they 



of all ranks ami classes, and the science of breed- 

 ing and training forming a cliaracteristic fealure, 

 It could not excite sur|)rise, il' ihe approach 

 id' ihat terrible spectre, y<!/,ii'«c, should produce 

 little or no elVect in the irduclion of the niiiu- 

 ber. And aithougli some of the most distingui-rh- 

 e<l characters of the naiioii, eminent for their 

 practical knowledge in rural ad.iirs, hare been 

 lor half a century adiocating the substitution of 

 the OS lui' the purjioses of agriculture, aud ^e< 



