NEW 



"'p'oblishlcTby JOHN B. RUSSELL, at the corner ofCo ngrPss an d LinHall Streets, Boston— THOMAS G. FF.SSF.X D FN, Editor. 



VOL. IV. 



FRIDAY, DFX'EMBER 2, 1H25. 



No. 19. 



TSi: ARTS. 



From tht Rhode Island Amtncan. 



IMPROVEMENT IN THE GENERATION 

 OF STEAM. 



F/- 2. 



* 



'r 



Figure 1. Veitical \ir\v of Ihe C'nmpoijuil 

 Evaporator with its dvo derailments coimecleil 

 t02:>'thpr. 



\ii. A. A. A. The tolies in which Ihe steam is 

 o-eneraled, called the Generative Departtnenl. 



B. The lone; Inhe in which the steam is de- 

 posited, called Ihe Reservoir, 



a. a. a. a. The junction of the livo depart- 

 ment'. 



6. b. b. h. The ends of Ihe gonerHlive tubes, 

 to which forcing pumps are to be attached. 



c. The end of the Reservoir from which 

 the steam is to be conveyed to worl; tlie engine 



Fi:^ureZ. Sectional view of the internal part 

 of one of the tubes of Ihe generative depart- 

 ment, and the contignons part of the Reservoir; 

 exhibiting the valves and its position at the 

 junction of the two departments. 



V. The valve. 



In a former paper we noticed a discovery made 

 Viy Dr Wadsworth of Porl.-imouth, in this .State, 

 of an improvement in the generation of steam. 

 We, at that lime, knew nothing of the manner 

 in which the plan was to be carried into effect ; 

 yet we could perceive that the inventor had 



has well founded his plan in ihe verv nature of] of Ihe generative tubes receives m its «u"i a 

 Ihe ca^e, and our readers ivill find both these ; quantity of water from its forcing pump. The 

 obstacles are cnmi>lelely obviated by the iui- ' ' ' '' ' ■ •■ - •- - 



provemeiit under c onsideration. 



We have received fiom one of onr corres- 

 pondents a description ot' this improvement, ex- 

 tracted from Ihe Doctor's specification, and we, 

 with pleasure, give it a place in our columns : 



••The Compound Cvajioralor is an improve 

 ment in the gi^neration of steam, that diflers from 

 all Ihe ways lor that pnriiose heretofore invent- 

 eil, and consists in (he principle of makingsteam 

 in one department, and llien <|eposiling it in a- 

 notlier department for use, in such a manner thai 

 llie two departments shall he so far indcpend 

 ent 



and the subsequent conversion of it into steam 

 in Ihe one ileparliiipnt, shall not lessen Ihe heal 

 or power of the steam in Ihe department in 



I which it is deposited. This is accomplished as 



; follows : 



" Several short tubes, of a calil>re of two to 

 IwenI}' inches, more or less, are each of them 

 to be connected, at one end to a separate forc- 

 ing pump, and at the other end the}' are to be con- 

 nected to a long tube. The short lubes arc the 

 first department; in them the water is, rnnrert- 1 

 ed into steam anil they are. therefore, called lhe| 

 Generative Department. Tiie buig lube, which 

 is attached to the short' lubes, is the other de- 

 partment ; in Ibis ihe steam is deposited, and it 

 is. therefore, called the Reservoir, The two de- 1 

 [larlmenis or divisions are made independent of 



injection of the water into Ihe lube cools or 

 condenses, to a greater rr less degree, the steam 

 that was in the tube, and the steam in Ihe res- 

 ervoir woidd be also proportionably weakened, 

 and the operation of Ihe engine thereby retard- 

 ed were it not lor the valve stationed at the en- 

 trance of Ihe reservoir from the generative 

 tube. Immediately on Ihe water's being inject- 

 ed, the valve is closed by the steam in the res- 

 ervoir pressing to enter the generative tubes 

 and fill the partial vacuum produced by the con- 

 densation of its steam. The valve remains clos- 



^_.... ed tnitil there is a sufficient quantity of steata 



each other, that the injection of v^'^ater, | in the generative tube to overcome "'e pres- 

 ' - • sure of the steam in the reservoir agamst the 



opposite side of it ; Ihe valve then opens, and 

 sleam passes into Ihe reservoir. Thus the res- 

 <ervoir is supplied wilh steam from the genera- 

 tive department, without parting with any ot its 

 caloric, or suffering any diminution in the elns-.. 

 ticily of its.steam. The quantity of water to be 

 injected, and the times of its injection are to t)e 

 regulated as the necessity of the case may re- 

 quire." 



By the above Ihe publick is made acquainted 

 wi'l) a su|)erior improvement in Ihe noble art 

 of Steam Enginery. The bare description of 

 it is sufficient to convince any person, arrived 

 to Ihe vears of understanding, that it will an- 

 swer the Doctor's expectation ; and we confi- 

 ently hope Ibat he will shortly make us a visit 



ire made :nii'..,.v ....^ ..v .<i i ... ,, ,, • ,„mr,nc 



each other to a certain degree bv valves placed "' ^ ^t^am-boal propelled by an engine compo - 



' I . .-.1 ^•-; nunj Evaporator united with hi3 



' ^re the generative ilepartment is connected:*"" of the Coiri. 

 ^vilh the reservoir. The valves may be made 1''*^'!'' "hei. 



in the usual manner of conical valve?, wilh or 

 without an external conimnnicalion hj' levers; 

 or they may be made in any form, and placed 

 m :yiy position at Ihe junction of two depart 



ment 



wrou^ 



copper, or iron lineil with copper, to prevent 

 the decomposition of the water and oxidizcment 

 of the melal. 



" This improvement is intended for a substi- 

 tute for a boiler, or the steam generative tubes 

 "rounded his principle on the fact, that water j heretofore in use, and an engine wilh this im- 

 required a certain length of lime, with a given I P^ovement, having a salely-valve anywhere in 



quantity of heat, to be converted into steam of 

 a specified pressure. It is a law in chemistry, 

 that Ihe lime that boiling water requires to be 

 converted into .steam, is six times as long as the 

 necessary quantity of ice requires to be convert- 

 ed into the same quantity of boiling water, sup- 

 posing the he-at to be uniform, and of the same 

 degree in both cases. But Ihe delay required 

 for converting water into steam is not the only 

 difficulty removed by this improvement. It is 

 . intended lo prevent the injection of the water 

 from diminishing Ihe quantity or power of the 

 feteam already generated. In the process of gen- 

 crating steam, the water will receive heat from 

 every thing holler than itself, that it comes in 

 contact with ; this will always be the case, and 

 the steam already generated will be more or less 

 , coole;! by Ihe water's being thrown directly into 

 ' it. it is evideat, therefore, that the inventor 



CASHMERE. 

 The shawls of Cashmere supply the whole 

 civilized world. It is said they are manufactur- 



s, aJ7/to»m.' "The luberma; 'be wide o}\ "-'^ =•' 1*^'""^ '°°'"^' ^^^^ "'" "'"''Ij,,^'"' l-t 

 ight or cast iron, or they m.iy be made of pl"}menl to two or three men. The work a 

 ° . .. '. .. ■'• ■> so inconceivably tedious, by which the fine pat 



terns are produced, that not more than a quar- 

 ter of an inch is completed in a whole day. It 

 is not unusual to find a loom occupied with one 

 shawl for an entire year.— The wool of which 

 they are made is brought from Tibet, consist- 

 ing of the inside coat or down of sheep pecij- 

 liar to that mountainous region. The wool is 

 at first of a grey colour, but being bleached, it 

 becomes a beautiful white, and takes the vari- 

 ous dyes readily when spun. It is a curious fact 

 that the borders are attached to the shawls af- 

 ter fabrication, so delicately,that no eye can de- 

 tect the place of junction. The valley of Cash- 

 mere has been celebrated from the most early 

 times for its beauty. Nothing can exceed its 

 romantic advantages from nature. In the centre 

 of a plain near the lake of Cashmere, studded 

 wilh little isles, where the gardens and pavilions 

 of Ihe Mogul Emperor, where the nobles made 

 annual visits to feast on the charms of this love- 

 ly valley, and to choose wives from among the 

 beautiful girls of Cashmere ; whose delicacy 

 of complexion and symmetry of form were only 

 surpassed] by the elegant turn of their minds, 

 the liveliness of their disposition, and the sweet- 

 ness of their tempers. — J^ai. Journal. 



the reservoir, may be completed on the common 

 or any other plan that necessity requires. 



"When this improvement is put in operation, 

 a forcing pump iniecls a quantity of hot water 

 into one of the tubes of the genertilive depart- 

 ment. The water is there converted into steam 

 which opens Ihe valve and enters the reservoir. 

 Before this process is completed, another forc- 

 ing pump in its turn injects a similar quantity 

 of water into its respective tube, and so on till 

 the generative tubes and the reservoir are fill- 

 ed with steam. The engine is then set to work 

 by conveying the steam from the reservoir to 

 the cylinder of Ihe engine, in any way at pleas- 

 ure. But as the working of the engine requires 

 a constant supply of steam, it is necessary that 

 more water should be thrown into the first di- 

 vision. Accordingly, as the forcing pumps are 

 set to work alternately by the engine, so each 



