1?8 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



[Dec. 30, 



cough, hoarseness, iliii St, l.issiludp, ivint of ap- 

 petite, &c. denommatpil cotJ, or ciilarrh, accord- 

 ing as they are more or less severe. Every 

 matron is t'urnisheil with so many remedies for 

 complaints ot' this kitul, handed dnwn, by moth- 

 ers to di'ii^hters, from the old titnrs of' simple 

 living' and lon^ lite, that it would not be becom- 

 ing in us to intrude our advice where it Is not 

 wanted. A cold, however, it sliocid bo borne 

 in mind, though in itself a slight disease, is often 

 the loreruoner of that highly dangerous, and 

 generally fatal compl.iint, consi)m|>lion. The 

 iiillamrnation is communicated from the lining 

 membrane of the lungs to their sulistance, caus- 

 ing ulceration, and hectic fever succeeds. — 

 Sometimes it occasions asihiTia. or dropsy in the 

 chest. It should not, therefore, be neglected; 

 but only tlie mo't simple precautions, except 

 when the disea-e is of peculiar sevc-rily, are re 

 qoisite. When liie ititlamenalion extends to the 

 substance of the liincrs, it may be known by a 

 hard, har=h. grating sort of cough, the no.se ol' 

 which seem' limiled to a circumsiribed space 

 in the chest,— the eipectoralion is scanty, and 

 for some time, a tenacious yellowish mucu«, — 

 the pulse is generally Hanging, the respiration 

 heavier or more oppressed than natural, and 

 though there is cough, pain is often absent. In 

 this state, or in the commpncoment of chronic 

 inflammation of the lungs,hlond letting vhouid be 

 employed, rest in bed, a spare farinareoiis diet 

 should be enjoined, and occasionally a mild a- 

 perieiU : digitalis, so as to reduce liic pulse to 

 its natural standard, ami keep it Ifiere lor some 

 Hinc, has in many cases seemed to chock the 

 jiro^ress of disease in the lungs. 



ON M.4NURES. 



it'romthe Agricultural Alm.inack for" Hip yejir 1026^ 

 p:ilronized by the PhiladelphiaSociety for. -promoting- 

 Agriculture.] . , ' v. ^,' 



At a meeting of llie Curators dTlhe Philadel- 

 jjiii 1 .Society fir pronioting .Agriculture, at its 

 hall, October isl, lG2j — Unanimously resolved, 

 that John liare Powel, Erq. be respectfully re- 

 quested fo furnish for publication in the Agri- 

 cultur.il Alm.iriack, the valuable matter which 

 he Jias been (ileased to select and prepare. 



ROBERTS VAUX, Chuirmau. 



perfectly conformable to theory, and similar ex- 

 periments. Those parts of the lield to wliich 

 the short dung was applied, gave the best crops 

 the Jirst year, but those on wliicli the long 

 dung had been laid, gave the best crops the src- perfectly col 

 owl and tiiird yenrs ; a fact which authorises the the sp;i(le. 

 conclusion, lh.it if we wish to obtain one great iudeponJenl of the general theoretical \ieivs 

 crop, the rolled dung is best ; but whenive look i unfavourable to this practice, founded upon the 

 to more permanent im[iro\enunl, the long dung nature and composition of vegetable subslances, 



!t is a common practice amongst farmers, to 

 suffer the farmyard dung to feiment, till the fi- 

 brous texture of the vegetable matter is entire- 

 ly broken down, and till the manure becomes 

 itid so soft as to be easily cut by 



is to be prel'erred. 



[Treat, on ./J^'r. by a Piac. Farmir., ^iiburixj. 



ON THE APPLlC.iTlC.N OF ANl.MAt. .MANURES — SEASON 

 AND Ml DK. 



there are many arguments and facts which show 

 that it is prejuilicial to the interest.' of the farm- 

 ! er. 



I During the violent lermenlaticn which is ne- 

 cessary Inr reducing farmyard manure to the 

 Much dejiends upon the climate. What is|sl;ite in which il is called slmrt tinick, md only n 

 found benefici.il in warm climates, will not an- i large q'lanlity of lliiid. but likewise of gaseous 

 swer in a cohl one. Besides, in »et soils and', miller is lost; =0 mut b so. Unit the dung is re- 

 cnld rlinjales, when the dung is bestowed only , diiced one h.ilf or Iwo-lhirds in weight ; and the 

 in small quantities, so lilile of It is kept logelh- 1 principal elastic matter d.sengaged, is carbonic 

 er, that ferment, 'it ion in the ground is rel.iided,' acid w illi some aninionia ; and bolh these, if re- 

 uiilil it is too late to be ol' any m.Ueri.il use toltained by the moisture in the soil, are capable 

 the croji sown with it. ! of becoming .in useful nourishment of planl.s. 



'{'he advantage of us, ng fie>b dung, must al- Besuh's ibe d;ssipaliiui of gaseous matter when 

 so depend iip^n the soil. Practical tanners are ; fermenlalion is pushed to the extreme, ihore is 

 in general if opinion, that long dung is more t ar.nther disadv.inlage in the loss of Juaf. which 

 applicalde to strong, than to hglil lanil ; and as it" excited in the soil, is useful in priimolirig the 

 It has a lenilency, by its fermentation, to divide Sjerminatinii of the seed, and in a-sisling the 

 and to loosen the constituent parts of the soil, | plant, in the lirsl stage cd' its grow Ih, w hen il is 

 and furnishes matter which prevents the [larti-; mo*t feeble and most li.ible to disease : and the 

 cles of clay from coming into contact, and ad- 1 f' imoniaiion of manure in the .=oil must be par- 

 herina: together, it must necessarily have a much ; til iilaily favouialde to the wheat crop in pre- 

 niore desirable elfect ;n »oils Ion compact, than ! serving a general ten.|ieralure beneath the siir- 

 011 those already too light and open. ! fare late in auluinn and during winter. 



[Siiidair^s Code oj\l^rk:il:iire.\ A great ob 



I'ClK a 



against slJM-||||y t'ermenled 



iluii'g is. that weeds spiiug up more luxurianily 

 I have never had apprehension of llie loss of, wliore il is ap|ilied. If there are seeds earned 

 animal in.inure by sinking-, as Us component | oul in the dung, they certainly will germinate ; 

 parts are generally so insoluble in water, as lobut it is soldoin that this can be the caso io any 

 cause them lo he left by iillration su^licienlI|^^,^»^ent ; nwi] il'ihe land is not clernsed of weed* 

 near In the surface for all our purposes: but 1 ' anv kind id' manure, iViuiented or unfermented, 

 have had many motives to guard against its es- Wil! occasion their r;^pid growth. It' slightly 

 cape by • vaporalion, and ilierefore invariably ' t'ermenled farm yard dung is use.l as a lop dress- 

 ilepnsite it deeply, and generally in i;s t'reshest ing for pastures, the long sirawsaiui i:i;lermeii;. 

 stale, beneath llie suil'.ice of the land. My ex- 1 ed vegetable miller romninin* on the surface 

 perience during nearly Iwenty years, has laughl , slinuM be remove<l as soon as the grass fiegins to 

 me that in */iis :c!iirwU., where the exhutaUuns of rise vigorously, by raking, and carried back lo 

 the Sim, during one season — the influence ol the dunghill : in ibis case no m.inure will be 

 winil, the ellecie of milling snow, and torrents lost, ami llie husb.nidi'y will be at once clean an,J 

 of rain, during anolne'r, upon a surface made im- economical. 



perVi»Mis by frost almost to the edire of an axe,: In cases when firm-yard dung cannot be im- 

 ' lop dressing, except vvlien piincipally composed mediately applied lo crops, ti;e liestruclive I'er- 

 1 id" calcareous matter, should seldom he .ipiilie.l. menlalion of it shoubl be prevented as much S3 

 I Old pastures remarkable for ihe excellence ol' possible. 



: their herbage, or gra-s laiols iviihiii the reach The surface should be defended as much as 

 j of large towns, m.iy be pruliiably enriched by firaclicable, trom the oxygen of the atmosphere; 

 ; the applic.ilion of animal m. inure to the suil'afe a co.mparl marl, or a tenacloui cl.iy, oilers Ihe 

 iin ihe spiiug, when ihe soil is open, and the best proleclion against ihe air. 



; grass, by pusliing forlh its loaves, soon affords 

 ■ some protection Irom the sun, whilst they im- 

 liiie, to a certain extent, the I'eriilizing princi- 

 ple, passing off in a gaseous form. 

 ! The cx(iedienls, which ihe clcanuss (f land 

 I and the cliciipncss of labour, have coerced cer- 

 tain I'.urnpeans lo adopt, cannot for ages become 



O.N LONG OR SHORT UUNO. 



The discordance in practice, as well as in opi- 

 nion, prevailing on this {]Ufislion, induced some 

 scientific men In institute a series of experimeuls, 

 hating for object a full and regular solulion of 

 it. Willi l!i;s view, parcels ol dung (long and 

 short,) were taken from the same stable, (in the 

 p.ime d,iy, and applied to crops ofihesanie kind, 

 groiving en the same fields. The result was 



yDarij^s Elements uf .-Jj^iicult. Chimiilri/. 



Dung should be defended from the action of 

 the sun. It should be ploughed in immediilely 

 after haviivjf been hauled out. V» hat would be 

 thought of the housewife who should expose her 

 tea to Ihe effects of the sun, rain, and wind, be- 

 prolitalde, where the farmer til'., generally hisl'"''^ ''^ essence was to be extracted for her pur- 

 own soil, and the labourer is paid and (irolecl- pos'^s • 



ed, as being worthy of regard, and the ivages of 

 his toil. 



[,lohn Hare rowil, in Mtmuirs I'lnn. v'/if. Sac. 



'I'he exce.fi of fermenlalinn lends to the des- 

 truction and disposition of the most useful p.irt of 

 the manure; and the ultimate results of this pro- 

 cess are like those of combustion. 



'I'he farmer should ascertain the cou-liluent 

 parts ol his soil, in order thai he may supply iis 

 dtyiciencies and remi'ily its detects. Most soih 

 are deficient in animal matter, as it is diflicult 

 of aripiisition, and not less dilticult of retention. 

 He who should recommend llie same manure for 

 all soils, would be scarcely less absurd Ihan the 

 quack who .j resoribes the same nostrum lor all 



