218 



NEW 



ENGLAND FARMER. 



[Feb. 3, 



made Iheir a|)()parance under the flowers and 

 continued for some time altKr the flowers de- 

 cay eil ; in the hitter part of June the weather 

 became excessively dry am! hot, and continued 

 so for a great length of time, perlnps two 

 months ; my plants were not watered (hayin<j 

 been lor^nfti>n in consequence of prrifessjonal 

 business which crowded me hard at that season) 

 and lliey died. 



But, Sir, I intend making another spt of ex- 

 periments, the prfspnt season. I sliall lake 

 scions ahout the middle of March, and the first 

 of April, soal the cut ends immediately, and 

 bury them in moist earth, and put them in my 

 cellar taking' care to have them moistened oc- 

 casionally, till the time of planting, which I 

 think should be from the middle of April to the 

 first of May. I shall ( ut others whrnever the 

 bud shall have swelled considerat Iv; Iml before 

 it shall show any appearance of opening, seal 

 _ the ends and plant them immedialely. 1 shall 

 also observe three dilTi-rent moiies of cutting. 

 1st. take the growth of the two prfcedin^ years 

 tngpther, consequently there will he but one 

 end to seal, 2d. take that portion which is two 

 yp.ars old, and ,3d. lake the last year's growth ; 

 perhaps some milder appljcition than shoemak 

 er's wax may be preferable, say I'ces wax and 

 fallow, and a[iply it in a tolerable conl stale. 

 Would carehilly puncturing, slitlin?, or remov- 

 ing some part of the epidermis ol' the body ol 

 (he scion be of any service by allowing a great- 

 er absorption of moisture I'rom the soil? 



Thus, Sit, I give you, with pleasure, as fiJl, 

 perfect, and unvarnished a statement of facts as 

 is in my power, regretting i-xtremely that the) 

 are not more to (he purpose. 



1 shall be aUyays happy to answer anv en- 

 quiries you may think pro|>er to make and .shall 

 also gi»e you in.''ormalioii of the t'esult of my 

 contcmpltiled exjierimenls. 



1 am, Sir, yours respertrullv 



JOEL S. I'AiGE. 



T. G. FESsn.viiEN, Esq. 



[We hope that Dr Paige will persevere in his 

 e.vperimeuls, but we wish him uot to be too 

 sanguine ol success with pears or a()ples. Th 

 cuttings of some plants are endued with the 

 power of producing ronls, when set in the earlh 

 cither in a perpendicular or horizonlal position. 

 Our corrc.'pondent wilh the signature " Ilorti- 

 i.uliurc^'' mentions " Figs, Gooseberries, Cur- 

 rants, Quinces, Paraiiise Stocks, ^a sort ol 

 dwarf apple stock) and Cherry of St. Lucie, 

 Grapes, Herbaceous |ilanfs," &.c. as (iroper for 

 propagating by culting=. But observeil '-I have 

 liithcrio considered that Tears and A|)ples. Plums 

 and Peaches^ and tiiis sort ol' fruits generally, 

 were not endowed with this useful and benefici- 

 al properly."' \Villows are easily propagated 

 by cuttings. Loudon's Encyclo|.edia ot' (xarden 

 ing says, "The species may sometimes be 

 propagated even by means of the leaves; as in 

 the Aloe, Seaonion, and some species of arum, 

 which, if carefully deposited in the soil will 

 {crow into new plants, by virtue, no doubt, ol 

 some Ulentgem, (or bud) contained in them.'- 



EcnoR.] 



ImrreremertI in the ATcj/. — Uaily tlaj-^s now run 

 tictivten Buffalo and Cle-ivtlrui(l. It is a littl»- mnw. 

 flian fivt years since the mail vs^s carriid tlirouijli the 

 ■v,'m\k of tlii3 routs, which is 200 mile?, apou the hnrl; 

 of a horse, aud only ouce a wctk. 



From the American Farmer. 



Albany, Jon. 4, 182G 

 Mr Editor. — In my reading, I occasionally 



the embryon. I'he experiment would have been 

 moresai;sfactory,and would have determined the 

 efficiency of the atmosphere, as it did of mere 

 earlhs, in yielding vegetable food, had seeds of 



make notes of such facts as ifre likely to be of| '"'>e most succulent plants, say of clover, been 

 lulure use to me iii my fanning and gardening.ei- 1 sown, and Ihe earth treqiiently stirred, so as to 

 ther tor the purpo-e of impressing them sirong- 1 gi' e it (tee access to Ihtt roots. But it esiab- 

 er on my mind, or to he enabled to refer to them ; lishes one very important lacl, (hat the I'ertility 

 more readily. To these I sometimes subjoin j of a sod (other circiimslanre-, <uch as moisture, 

 such observations as my practice or reflections , lemperature, &.c. having their \\ e.ght,) is in the 

 suggest. 1 propose to send you, occasionally, a ; ''^I'o ot Ihe vcgi-laMe and animal mailer com- 

 slieet of these notes and ooservations. They j bincd wilh i( ; and that wiihoul some portion of 

 will lend lo show Ihe utilily of science in rural ! these, in a soluMe slate, il is a mere cajjvt mar- 

 '- ■ - ' •- 11. :_ ., _ 1 /„„.„ How important is it to know the quanti- 



economy — to stimulate men of leisure to extend 

 Ihe knowledge of this usefulness, and to benefit 

 the mere practical reader. 



Your obeil't serv'l, J. B. 



tutu II,. 



ty ot yej;el ilile food in our soil^ and to hus- 

 band it uiid increase it by Judicious management. 



Wheal soil. — Oriscnlhivaite (.Vca; Theory of 

 The British nurserymen use, ,;%rici(/(((re, 1819,) was the first to generalize 



in 



Grafling Clay.- ^..^^.,..- ^. . ..„,., ..j^..., , ^, .„w,; ....i. loc i.,:-! i., gi-ueran 



in giaiting, a compound of clay, fresh horse-, the fact of peculiar substances being found m 

 dung and chopped hay; the horse-dung consti- j plants, in aildition to the common elements of 

 tuling a fourth part. The ma-sis intimately I oxygen, carbon, hydiogen ami nilrosjen. " Ele- 

 inixed with water, aud bealen with a stick, orinenls of primary principles," says he, "admit 

 spatula, two or three limes a day, for al least a ;oi no alleralion, but as regards magnilmle and 

 week, to render It ductile, taking care that it , figure. Hence, when one substance is desjo-ned 

 shall not he So touifli as lo crack iu dry weather, to he transmuted into any other substance ■ as 



The French and Diilch make their grafting siisrar, by (ermentation, into alcohol or acetic 

 clay one half fresh cow dung, and one half tresh acid, or manure into grain, it is obvious that the 

 loam, intimately incnrpor.ited. See flncyclopcdia elements of the second must necessarily be con- 

 of GarJtinag, [lage 441. |lained in the fir-t, for it they be not, the trans- 



RF:KARKS._The uses of grafting clay are to ' '""'■'''on cannot take place. This will render 

 prevent extravasation of the sap, the drying ofj " evident l.'iat a knowledge of the elements or 

 Ihe wood, and Ihe introduction of water to the i ^""*"'"«^"'s of bodies, w hich are intended to be 

 wound or cleft. Both the preceding comjiosi- 1 '"'"■'"S*''' ""'o each other by certain processes, 

 lions, properly prepared, are efficient. Indeed, [ ^'"""^'^ ''6 previously possessed, in order Ihat Ihe 

 fresh cow dutig is alone one of the best applica- 1 I" "^ess may be conducted wilh a probability of 

 lions I know of to the wounds of trees. 1 have ''"''''^^^• 



applied 11 successlully, with bandage, lo the: " To illustrate the preceding reasoning, the 

 trunk of a tree from which the whole ciic!e«fL*'' ''**'' '^''^P "'^3' ''«' solocled wilh consid,., al.-je 

 hark had been taken olT ten inches; and I have } '"^'"".'''g*'' "* '' '^ 'bat which is not only Ihe 

 found il equally elfiracious lo the crown and '"'"*' ''"P"''"*"' 'othe inleiesisof mank n"d, but 

 limbs, in cases of amputation and bruises. It < f'^i^^use the presence of particular substances in 



should he applied immediately after Ihe wound 

 is made. But Ihe objection is not to the materi- 

 als, hut to the trouble of proparin^ and apjily- 

 ing Iheni. I can recommend, from thorough 



experience, the following graliing com|iositioii, I . . =. ■ . c ......t. 



as being superior lo ejlli?r. Take one part of". '*'""" Ti'>nlilY o( carlionate of lime; so also, 



.11- .. _ . ._ el it we PV.in^ififi tills /-i-in,.! if iicf ^ #,t'il.... ~....;_ ' 



t are belter known and more generally ac- 

 knowledged. If we examine the siraw ol wheal 

 we shall find it com|>oseil ol w hat may he con- 

 sidered common vegclahle mailer, or of matter 

 composed ol oxygen, hwlrogen and carbon, with 



tallow,"two "parts of liee.s' wax, and four parts of'" "'® examine the constiluenis of the grain, we 

 rosin. Welt the whole together ; turn the mix-!*''"" '^'"^ ""'I" distinguished into starch and 

 lure into water, ami work it in the hands as the|R'"'*^'' ' "'"' '' "\e carry our researches still far- 

 shoemaker does hi? wax to incorporate the j '"'^'"' "'^ shall find thai the elements of starch 

 parts. The warmth of the hand will soon bring;"''® precisely the same with Ihe elements of 

 It to a proper consistence when wanted for use, ! *^''""""" ^■''£r»''i'ble matters ; hut the elements of 

 and a little grea'o will prevent its adhering t,,^''"^" """''« f'und analogous to those of ani- 



llie fingets. A small piece Is broken ofl, Il tie 

 ed in Ihe hand and covered over the dull or 

 wound. If of the thickness of a shilling, if will 

 neither melt, crack noi peal oiT. 



raals; or, in adilition to oxygen, hydrogen and 

 carbon, theie will he found nitrogen. The pro- 

 duction of this nitrogen, as has been already ob- 

 served, cannot he elfecled by mere common 

 vegetable matter; and, theret'ore, the manure 

 employed in the production of the straw and 

 starch, could not produce the gluten also. If the 



Fiinil of P '.ants. — Giobprt mixed-together lime, 



alumine, silex and magnesia, (the eardiy con-' . ., 



sliluents of all soils,) in such proportions as are I P']*"**''''"-*' ofglulon were accidcnial, or the value 

 generally lo be mot wilh in ferlile soils, and i "' '''® flour did not depend upon il, then little 

 moistened them with water. Several ditlerent • ^^are need be taken to provide for its fermenta- 

 grains were I hen thrown into this artificial soil, j''"n; but as it is required to be constantly pres- 

 which germinated indeed, but diil not thrive, *"'• •'"^'' '''*' value of the flour docs essentially 



depend on it, therefore provision ought to he 

 made lor it. In quantity it is not inconsiderable, 

 hut it composes nearly onelhird part ol the grain.*" 

 That Ihe o|>eraiions of husbandry, as regards 

 wheal, should he conilucted wHhoul anv refer- 

 ence to this peculiar substance, is very remark- 

 able. That the failure of crops has never been 



land perished when the nourishmenl of the coty- 

 delons was exhansiod. — Loudoii's EncychjjeJiu 

 of Giiriiening. p. 201. 



Mere is an evidence that the seed of the vege- 

 table, like the egg ol ihe animal, affords nourisli- 

 mcnt sufficient, and only bufficient. to develop 



