NEW ENGLAND FAR3iER. 



1154 _____„__-„>—«_—" 



hT^S^T^TTS^IS'SI^^ TIIANSI'LANTING FRUIT TRECS. 



the climate, were not known to the .-.ncicnt F/.i- ! bv the editor. 



lopeans. They were first brought into l.'iropc , ,p|,g ground should be well [irepared before 



by Juan de Castro, a celebrated Portuguese war- j ^^^^ (^ggg ^^^ ,,,lj^gn ^p^ gn that the tree? may re- 



lior, who made them a present to the <^on"' i ^^in but a short time out of the earth. Dig 



Mellor, the king of Portugal's prime minister, < ^^^^,,^^ ^^^ ^^^,1^ .,ljout the roots of the tree yon 



who was only'able to rai^e one plant from a i ^^j^jl ^g transplant, that you may have . '- 



great number that were brought to Europe. — 'j|,gj(. several part.i to cut them off. If 



This tree, which was planted in 1518, is "'^ 1^^^.^ ^^^ ^^■ jj^p ground without care, the roots 



parent tree from which all the European or- : ^^il, 1^^ j,^^,].^,, ^'uj l^ruised to the damage ofihe 



[March 3, 



ange trees of this sort were produced, and is 

 said to be now alive at Lisbon, in the garden of 

 Count St. Laurent. It would be a most deplo- j 

 rable fact, if all the cliina orange trees through- i 

 out Europe depended on the decay of this tree. | 

 We have seen the beautiful groves of orange j 

 trees in the King's and Queen's gardens in Lis-, 

 bon, but they were ccrtaudy not in decay, but 

 on the contrary, in a high slate of vigour and 

 produclion. 



We have jn^t ealen a pear from the old En- 

 dicott tree. This tree is said to ha\e been im- 

 ported from England by the governor nearly 200 

 years ago. It is now in a slate of decay. About 

 C years since we procured a scion from that 

 tree, which grew vigorously. Last year we 



trees. Prune the roots and the heads ui such- 

 manner as to £-ive a pro])er proportion between 

 them. If you''have but little root, it will be ex- 

 pedient to'leave, but a small top, and vice vena. 

 All the small fibres are to be cut ofi' as near to 

 the place from whence they are produced, as 

 may be. excepting, perhaps, when they are to 

 be "replanted immediately after they are taken 

 up. But it will require great care to plant them 

 in such a manner as not to distort or entangle 

 the llbrous roots, which, if done, will be worse 

 for the plant than if they were cut otT. 1 hen 

 prune off all the bruised or broken roots, all 

 such as are irregular and cross each other, and 

 all dovvn-risht roots, especially in fruit trees. 

 The folTouing directions on this subject arc 



tree, wnicii grew vigorously. u.»\. yc.<i >•<- The lolloumg uueclions on inis suuil-i-i .-hi; 

 gathered four bushels of pears from it, and thisL ^ p^j^. ^]^p,»„^Li., an English writer. " Describe 

 year about half th.it quantity. There •-'■'e no .^-^^.-j.^jg .^1,^^ (-^.g or six feet diameter for the 



signs of decay to be seen on the gratt; hut so 

 far from any such appearance, the whole tree,] 

 which is noiv large, alVords a striking examjde 

 of health, and strength, and vigour. 



We could multiply instances to prove the fact, 

 that the continuation of a tree by grafting docs 

 not depend upon the heallli or decay of the pa- 

 rent slock. We have before iis the works of 

 Quinlinye, printed in 1719, John Lawrence. 

 nl6, and Cox; and could select many more 

 facts to prove the fallacy of Knighi's theory.-— 

 We refer to the winter Bon Crclien — " J/iis is 

 j xistltj preferred before all others, being of great 

 antiquity.''' Now, upoir looking at Cox, we shall 

 find that our pear of the same name is precise- 

 ly the same Iruit. But our trees are not in de- 

 iiiy, which shouM certainly be the case, il 

 Knight'.s theory be true. 



We presume no one will deny that th^ prop 

 gallon of trees and shrubs I'rom cutliiigs, is in 

 effect the same as their propagation by scions | 

 inserted in the body of anolher slock. The 



same manner. Great care is then to be taken 

 to work the mould well in by hand, that no hol- 

 lowness be loft; to prevent which the mould is 

 to he trodden hard with the foot. The remain- 

 der of ihc mould should be raised into a hillock 

 around the slim, for the triple use of affording 

 I coolness, moisture, and stability to the plant. A 

 access toi j.^^j^ ^^.^j^ should be made on the top of the hil- 

 thcy are | j^^j.^ ^^^, ,-^^^ ,|^g ^j^ of this the slope should 

 be t'entle to the circumference of the hole, 

 where the broken ground should sink some few 

 inches below the level of 'he orchard. 



'• All this detail may be deemed unnecessary ; 

 by those, 1 mean, who have been accustomed to 

 bury the roots of (dauts in the grave digger's 

 manner; but I can recommend every part ot it 

 to ihosc who wish to insure success from my 

 own practice. Plants which have been trans- 

 planted in the manner here recommended, whose 

 heads have been judiciously lessened, and which 

 have been planted in the manner here describ- 

 ed, seldom require any other stay than their own 

 roots. If, however, fhe stems be tall, and the 

 roots few and short, they should be supported in 

 the usual manner wiih stakes, or rather in the 

 following manner, » hicb is at once simple, strong 

 and mosl agreeable to the eye. Take a large 

 post, and slit it with a saw, and place the parts 

 (lalwav with their faces to the plant, one on 

 each si'de of it, and two feet apart, and nail jour 

 rails upon the edges of the posts." 



Ill the Mass. Agric. Repository, vol. iv. ISo.l, 

 the Hon, JoHK Wf.m.f.s of Dorchester relates two 

 in'^lances of cullivaling apple trees successlully 

 in unfavourable situations. In the one, a low 

 piece of strong stony land was taken. " As it was 

 rather flat, it was ploughed in strips or dug in 

 spaces about four feet square. As it was neces- 

 sary to plough a furrow between each row, tha 

 mode of ploughing in strips was lound the best; 

 as by turning the furrow towards the tree the 

 land" wa* better drained. Besides raising the, 

 crrnund a little from the surrounding soil, half a 

 buck load of loam was added, to raise the ground 

 on which the tree was sot. After this was done 



hole. If the ground be in grass, remove the 

 sward in shallow spits, placing the sods on one 

 -ide of the hole ; the best of the loose mould 

 placed by itself on another side, and the dead 

 earth from the bottom of the hole, in another 

 heap. The depth of the holes should be regu- 

 lated by the sub-soil. Where this is cold and 

 retentive, the holes should not be made much 

 deeper than the cultivated soil. To go lower 

 is to form a receptacle for Ihe water, which by 

 standing among the roots is very injurious to the 



plants. On the contrary, in a dry, light soil, the 



holes should be made considerably deeper ; as 



well to obtain a dc2;ree of coolness and moisture, 



as to be able to establish the plants firmly in 



the soil. In soils of a middle quality, the 'ifle ^^__ ^^^ _^ _ _ _ 



should be of such depth, that when the sods are ] ^^^^ ^^ or squares, as the case might be, were 



thrown to the l)0Uom of it, the plant will stand | ^ '._,., .i h„,.<, ,,C P,.i;iinp> and trar- 



at th(; same depth in the orchard as il did in the 

 nursery. Each hole, therefore, should be of a 

 depth adapted to the particular root planted in 



~—j- -' .-jit. The holes ought, houever, for various rea- 



mulberry tree is propagated in this manner, so i ..^^^ ,0 l,o [n;,(Je il^reviousto the day of planting. 



nre ligs, and currants, and gooseberries; and 

 vet the new plants are not depenilent on the 

 iree or shrub iVom which they were taken. — 

 They start off into a new system of being, and 

 ihrive or decay, according to the lavourable or 

 unfavourable circumstances in which they are 

 placed. 



0:^We shoalj be li:\ppy lo recoive tlic opiuioa of some 

 oilier scientific liorlioiilUirists. on thk snljcct. — T^niT. 



appropriated lo the culture oi potatoes ami gar 

 den vegetables. In a few places only, Ihe trees 

 failed from the insufficiency of the drain. But 

 by opening the drain and raising the ground by 



' . , . half a buck load of loam, 1 found, on setting out 



lusto theday ot plantmg. ^ „g^v tree that it flourished equally with the 

 Ifihe season ofplanting be spring, and the ground I '^^^j ^^^.^ orchard now in eight years is a most 

 and the wcaihcr be dry, the holes should be "»' j ^3i,j„i,]e one. and most of the trees would give 



NE^V' EN«. s E k S D " F A liM ^; H. 



FRIDAY, .MARC H 3, I Sgti. 



We arc olilignd, this wei-lf, to defer Hie rcmarlis on 

 Breeds of Cattle. — iromc remarks on the Vine, (Vom a 

 respecteil correspondent, were receivi-d loo late for this 

 ■week. — Several other roitiiiuinirations arc- on hand. 



.'\n extensive dealer in wool, in Oiioiidnga countj' 



lered the evening before the day of planting, by 

 throwing two or thrc^ pails of water into each, 

 a new but eligible practice, in planting, Ihe 

 sods should be throv. n to the bottom of the hole, 

 chopl with the spade and covered with some ol 

 the finest of the mould. 



If Ihe hole be so deep,that with this advantage 

 the bottom will nol be raised high enough for 

 Ihe plant, some of the worst of the mould should 

 be relurncd before the sod is thrown down- The 

 botlnin of Ihe hole being raised to the proper 

 height and adjusted, the lowest tier of roots is 

 to be spread out upon il ; drawing lliem out hor 

 izontally and .spreading them in different direc 

 linns, drawing out «ilh the hand the roollels 

 and fibres which severally belong to them. 



7 ■; , ■ , •=■ -i spreading them out as a feather, pressing them 



N. Y. would feel obliged lo any erontleman who will I i;,^^^,^ .^^^ „^^ soil, and covering them bv hand 

 furnish, through the columns of the New l^i.slaiid Far- ^^.^^^ -^^^^ ^j- „^g j-^^^j ^^ ^^^ ,^0^,^, . ,|,g ^n,^,, 

 uitr. an accurate list of the principal Woollen Manu- ,1^^^, ^^ ^^^^^ ^j.g ^^^^ (q ^e spread out in the 

 faetorits in Xcw Englaud. 1 .. 



half a barrel of apples. From this and other 

 circumstances which have fallen within my ob- 

 servation, it appears that low land, if strong soil 

 and well drained, will give a fine orchard, and 

 probably sooner than any other." 



Mr Welles likewise succeeded in cultivating 

 apple trees in a soil quite the reverse of the 

 above-'menlioned. He says, " the object was to 

 have an orchard on a particular spot, where the 

 soil was thin and light upon a plain or flat. The 

 holes were dug four feel over. The two upper 

 'strata of black and yellow loam were placed 

 Irawiiig them out hor- ^si^e (),e tree. After this, about two inches in 

 depth of the gravelly, or poorer earth was taken 

 out and carted olT, aiul a horse cart load of stones 

 upset into Ihe hole ; upon these, a part of the 

 upper ^tralum, or some dirt from the side of the 

 road >v:is scattered so as to fill up Ihe intersti- 

 ces ; since which the spots near the trees have 

 been cullivated by planting four hills of potatoes 



