260 



NEW ENGLAND FAR'^IER. 



[March 10. 



s\ Moral Phil. Political E- 

 - f ronomy,Metaphy£ic5,Ju- 

 , f risprudence, Lc. 



FOR THE SEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



The subscriber propfise? to open, on the 7th 

 of November nest, ai CiiiteBengo, Madison Co. 

 a Polyltcliny, or School in which the various 

 branches of education will be taught, in their 

 natural order, and with their application to the 

 useful arts. 



Toe arrangement proposed, and which is 

 here supposed to accord with the order of na- 

 ture, is 



FIRST — The sciences which ^ LangnajesjBotanyjMin- 



call into exercise the per- f eralo|fy,Comparatire A- 



ceplive powers, such as r natomy, Nafl. History, 



J Geology ,Geo|;raphy,&c 



SEC02>D — Those which ex-~| Geometry, Trigonome- 

 ercise the perceptive and j try. Mensuration, Guag- 

 reflective po'wers cooabin- y ing, Surveving, Nariga- 

 ed, of this class are | lion, Xat. Phil. Perspec- 



J tives, Math, .\stron. Szc 



THIRD — Such as address 

 themselres to the reflect 

 ive powers exclusively, 

 these are 



The different branches of education will be 

 taught, with their practical applications — to 

 Machinery, impelled by water and oliier powers 

 in manufactories, connected with the Institution 

 — to Agricuhure^ both in theory and in the actual 

 improvement of the soil — to .Merchandize, 4'C. 

 The course of education will be arranged, in its 

 several parts, so as to fit the students for ihe va- 

 rious employments of life they may have chos- 

 en for themselves. And in every department, 

 competent and faithful instructors will be em- 

 ployed. 



Parents and teachers have obsetved with 

 pain, that in youth, who have commenced a 

 course of education very early in life, a disrel- 

 ish and even an utter aversion to study, is com- 

 mon after a few years' continement to books. — 

 Some have yielded to the unhappy prejudices 

 of their children, and resolved to give them | 

 their choice to be Merchants or Farmers, as 

 their inclination ma3' chance to be; although 

 they have acquired neither information nor 

 habits suited to any useful employment. It is 

 expected that such evils will, in a great measure, 

 be avoided, by mingling with the studies which 

 are uninteresting, the natural sciences, which, in 

 themselves, are fascinating lo almost all minds, 

 especially to youth ; and which, with only a 

 common school education, constitute a fund ot 

 useful knowledge. by the arrangement now 

 proposed, habits of attention and industry will 

 be formed in early life, the mind Wt^l be grad- 

 ually matured for more arduous studies, and; 

 young men will be prepared for severer appli- j 

 cation of their intellectual powers. | 



The expense ef board, tuition, room, washing, j 

 fuel and light, will be one hundred and titty dol- j 

 iars per annum, paid in advance every six , 

 uionlhs. I 



The e:<pense of clothing, bedding and books, 

 will constitute a separate bill; and, for purpos- 

 es obviously connected with study a« well as for 

 the sake of economy, the schuol will be divided 

 into different grades, and for each a suitable 

 uniform will be appointed. 



ANDREW YATES. 



Schenectady, {jY. Y.) October 13, 1325. 



[ [From the Agricultural Almanack for the year 1826, j — their wool is short, equal in qualitv to that of 

 j patronized by the Philadelphia Society for promoting halt'-breed Merino— their fleeces " 

 j Agriculture.] 



LIVE STOCK. 



SHEEP. 



are not so 

 heavy — they carry more fat within, and much 

 more flesh wiihcul, liian either the Disbley, 

 Tunisian, Irish, or Teeswater sheep. By their 

 activity, and vigour both of muscle and "ccnsfi- 



j Of the various breeds of Sheep designated in tution, they are filled to encounter everv difl5- 

 Pennsylvania as English, Irish, B;ikewell, and cully, as well as to endure the extremes of heat 



j Tunisian, none can be found of pure bluod. 

 ; The variety called Bakewell, Dishley. or Xew 

 I Leicester, in England, are remarkable for ar- 



carrving: 



and cold. They occupy, in England, one cf the 

 most exposed and least fertile portions of the 

 Island — their mutton is of the finest kind, and 



riving early at maturity; carrying very long i commands the highest price, although from the 

 and heavy lleeces upon compact carcasses, with j properties of the sheep it can be produced at 

 flat backs, short legs, small heads; [iroducing , least cost. 



very large quantities of fat, with small portions j There is no mistake more prevalent, and none 

 of flesh— so little remarkable for good flavour, ; more egregious, than that which ascribes excel- 

 that it is seldom consumed in Great Britain, by ! lence to great size. Unless it be had early, and 

 the more wealthy classes of people. Thej are ! at comparatively small expense, large size does 

 so sluggish, and from the peculiarities of their j not more determine the extent of usel'ulness in 

 form, are so little enabled to make exertion, or \ the quadruiied, than ia the man. Weight is not 

 to endure the ordinary difficulties of exposure, : always ascertained by size— a small k°e? some- 



jthat ihey are confined lo the most fertile vales. ' limes weighs more than a large hogshead. • 



j and are protected by incessant vigilance and j Weight is affected more by ccmpact°nes5, and 

 ■ care. ; squareness in certain parts, with rotundity of the 



The different flocks of sheep, called Bake, j barrel, than by mere extension of the frame. 



^ well, which are found in ^'^ew Jersey, Pennsyl If the hind quarters be long, deep, and z.ide 



vania, Delaware, and Xew-York, are a mongrej the shoulders be placed xvell back — the breast be 

 race, derived principally from an importaiion aw^/e — the brisket be protruded — the back be 

 ■of Dishley, Teeswater, and Soulhdown sheep ; I broad — the loins 7L-ide — the girth behind the fore 



or from a few Teeswater sheep, which were 

 i carried to New York, in a prize, during the 

 lale war. The characteristics of these breed?, 

 ; are occasionally delected in individuals of this 

 I race. The smutty faces, finer wool, and small- 

 est frames, are indicative of the Southdown or- 

 igin — the largest frames, coarser bone, heavier 

 oflal,and larger heads, mark oliiers of the Tees- 



tegi and over the chine, be large, the animal must 

 possess not merely the iVame which weighs 

 most, but the for.m which carries most weight 

 in the valuable parts, and affording sufficient 

 room lor the action of the lungs ; without n hich 

 health and thrift Can be seldom found. 



.'^ome animals have good forms but are " shel- 

 III." as it is technically termed, conveying Ihe 



An English paper says : "At an auction last 

 week, for the sale of the slock of Mr Charles 

 Hest, a grey-huund was sold fur no less than 120 

 guineas ! ! " 



water race — the long wool, of'ien twisted at the id«a of the absence oi Ihe due quantity ol flesh, 

 ends, the narrow l",ices, broad backs, short legs, I Some breeds produce too much fat, in propor- 

 and fise bone, prove the presence of Ihe Dish- ' lion to flesh ; those which carry coniparativelv 

 Icy or Bakewell blood. Ja large quantity of flesh," marbled when ripe,"' 



I The sheep called Irish, received their name, : with the propensity to become fatal an early 

 I apprehend, as they were exported from Ire- age, and in the shortest time, are those besi fil- 

 land ; but I am induced to ihink they were of i ted for grazing purposes. These remarks apply 

 Lincolnshire breed, crossed probably with South- 1 to neat cattle, as well as to sheep. It is evident 

 down blood. The Tunisian sheep had many that the product, whether in beet", inullon, but- 

 valuable properties ; but they were exceedingly ter, cheese, or miik, must be eslimated by the 

 improved by ihe sagacity of Mr Thomas Bones, ouanii'y of food, before the result can be had. — 

 who discovered that their forms might be much Early maturity not only saves food, but spares 

 amended, and that their unri;ielJlyt;\Us might be capital and gains time. The quantity and qiial- 

 diminished, whilst their hardy conslilutions. and iiy of Ihe wool is a matter of serious importance, 

 capacity to endure heat and support cold, might ,' when the value of sheep ii to be determined, 

 be retained. His sheep, so improved by cross- | do not mean by quality, liie fineness of fibre 

 es with Irish and Soulhdown blood, xere much alone; nor do 1 menn lo confine the remark lo 



[better than any cf that race, x^hich I have ever 1 sheep whose wool is of ihe finer sort. The fil- 



jcea in this or any other county of the stale. I aments of combing wool should part readily; 



The greatest objection to all the varieties of those of fine wool should be soft, and elastic, as 



I brnad-lail sheep, proceeds not only from the 1 if it had been I'rizzied. The mere lineness of 

 excrescence so much valued by certain amateurs, > the fibre, or length of the staple, is not ihe only 

 but from ihe bad quality of their wool. Except- lest of excellence ; a diseased, or half starved 

 ing those, '-for which Pennsylvania is indebted | sheep produces fine wool, but not an elastic, nor 

 lo Ihe liberality of Col. Pickering." I have seen useful material. 



none, whose fleeces were not hairy, and decid- i The sheep which produce the finest fleeces, 

 ediy bad. ' are not necessarily the best to form a breeding 



The Teeswater sheep are Ihe largest in Eu-' flock. If Iheir constitutions be not good — if 

 rope — Ihey are slow feeders — talloza well y^ilh-l their forms be bad, the secretion of yolk, which 

 in — carry more flesh, less fat without ; but pro- is essential for the support of the fleece, must 

 duce much worse mutton, and much heavier of- be small; the offspring, consequently, will be a 

 fal, than the Dishley breed. Their fleeces are degenerate race. Thus, in selecting merinos, 

 heavy, and afford, in common with the Dishley, regard should be given to iheir forms, even in 

 what is called corabinff wool, filled for the man- those parts of the country wheie the demand 



uf.icture of camlets, and various articles of 

 worsted. The Southdown sheep are much 

 smaller than the Dishley — they are more hardy 



for the carcass is so small, as to make mutton of 

 little value. The Saxou sheep, which com- 

 mand, at this time, from triO to three hundred. 



