306 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



LApnl2I, 



'ern fifty leet long. This cistern 13 so placed I and keepin;^ in good and sweet condition all the 

 and constructed ai to receive not only the urine | d^iiry utensils. In the front i": a penthouse, 

 of the stables, hut also all the liquid matter ofj When Ibegan, I really did not iman;ine, my 

 the farm yard. In it there is a fjump, by means! dear sir, tliat I should have subjected you to 

 ^jf which its contents are pumped into a large i the fatigue of reading so long a letter. Be this 

 liogshead, fixed on a pair of wheels drawn by 1 as it may, I begyou to be assured of the respect 

 oxen. To the end of this hogshead is attached with which 1 am, sir, 



a box pierced with holes, into which this liquid 

 manure flows through a ?[>igot and faucet, and 

 is iben sprinkled over the ground as Ihe oxen 

 move forward. 



For the purpose of augmenting the quantity 

 nnd of improving the quality of Ihe food of my i 

 stock of every kind, I have established a steam- 

 ing apparatus. It consists of a boiler and two 

 wooden boxes, in which boxes is steamed the 

 food. These boxes contain each eighty bushels. 

 By this simple apparatus every species of coarse 

 vegetable offal is converted into nourishing food, 

 nnd all the ordinary provender is rendered more 

 Dutritious. 



In the dairies near Philadelphia, it is well 

 known, that sweet butter of the first quality can- 

 not be made but from cream quickly produced 

 fTom fresh milk, and (hat whenever the milk re- 

 mains many days to produce its cream, such 

 •cream acquires an unpleasant taste that is im- 

 parted to the butter. 



Since the month of January, 1823, my dairy 

 people have been in the practice of always 

 placing the pans containing the milk in water 

 simmering hot. The oily parts, which consti- 

 tute the cream, are by such heat separated from 

 the other ingredients, and then from their spe- 

 cific lightness, they of course ascend to the top 

 in tlie form of cream. Cream is thus obtained 

 during the coldest weather in winter, in the 

 course of about twelve hours after the milk has 

 been taken from the cows. And the operation 

 of churning such cream never exceeds twenty- 

 five minutes. The milk pans remain in the hot 

 water about thirty minutes. The butter has in- 

 variably been of a fine flavour, and of a beauti- 

 ful yellow colour; and in the nature of things, 

 it never can be otherwise, unless the dairy no- 

 tren should be utterly ignorant of the art of 

 making sweet butter. 



It may not be amiss to state to you, that the 

 skim-milk under this process, is a very pleasant 



Your obedient scrvarf, 

 H. PowEL, Esq. R. SMITH. 



Cor. Src. Penn. •9gr. Society. 



AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



At a meeting of the Hampshire, Franklin and 

 Hampden Agricultural Society, March 1, 1826, 

 the Hon. Joseph Lyman having declined a re- 

 election, the following gentlemen were unani- 

 mously chosen officers for the year ensuing, viz: 



ISAAC C. BATES, Esq. President. 



Gen. E. Hoyt. Greenfield — Col. Roger Leav- 

 fTT, Heath — Hon. Samijfx Lathrop, VV. Spring- 

 field — Hon. John Mills, Southwick — Hon. Jo- 

 seph Strong, South Hadley, Vice Presidents. 



Samuel Wells, Esq. Trcusvrcr. 



Daniel Stebbins, Esq. Cor. and Rcc. Secretary. 



Col. James Shepherd, Northampton — Lyman 

 Kendal, Greenfield — Wells Lathrop, South Had- 

 ley, Commillee en Manufactures. 



Col. .Moses Portt-r, Hadley — Asahel Wright, 

 Esq. Deerfield— Roland Burbank, Esq. West 

 Sprmgfield, Committee on A^jricuUvre. 



Josiah Mills, Esq. Worlhington — Col. Harvey 

 Chapin, Springfield— Col.'Erastiis Billings, Hat- 

 field, Committee on Jinimals. 



There were five claims presented for premi- 

 ums offered upon Cider; and the LTecutive 

 Committee feel it their duty lo stale, tbat the 

 samples offered were all of an excellent qut.lity, 

 and clearly eviuce that nothing more is neces- 

 sary to furnish the most wholesome and agree., 

 able beverage /or the table, than to select sound 

 clean apples, have the press and every thing 

 used in the making perfectly clean, permitting 

 the pomace lo remain twenty-four hours bcl'ore 

 pressed, and the liquor confined in clean casks. 



The first premium of glO, was awarded to 

 Mr Ebenezer Clark, of Conway. 



The second premium of ]^5, to Col. Elisha 

 Edwards, of Southampton 



There were two claims for premiums offered 

 beverage. In summer and in winter, it bears j l^or the best managed and mo=t successful expe- 

 the agitation of a carriage without becoming 1 riment in the production of agricultural crops, 

 sour. And every morning, throughout the year, hnd a premium of ;jil5 was awarded to Mr Pre- 

 a person comes to the farm and takes from 150 'served Barllett, of Northampton, and a premi- 

 to 300 quarts, for which he pays two cents perl"'" o' ^'0 awarded to Daniel Slebbins, Esq. — 

 quart cash, and on Ihe same day he retails the These experiments were made upon soils of an 

 whole «mong the people of the town, at threei opposi'e quality— one a light dry soil, and the 

 cents per quart. j other upon a wet alder swamp. The latter has 



The liot water in whicli the milk pans are j very salisfaclorilj shown that much of our low, 

 plaeed, is contained in large flat wooden vessels wet, and now u'^eless land, may easily be re- 

 attached to a stove. 'J"he water is healed by ' claimed and made equal in value to our most 

 ineans of a Hat tube fastened to the side and producliv.e soil. 



near lo the bottom of each vessel, and inlroduc- 1 'i'l>e Executive Committee have (o regrel 

 ed through an apeiture into the stove. The ]'''!!' no claims were for the last year made for 

 lieat of the stove affonls Ihe additional advantage i "'e liberal premiums offered upon the Dairy 



of preserving in the dairy house, the requisite 

 temperature during the winter season. 



Tlie dairy house is a stone building, consist- 

 jag of throe spacious apartments lor Ihe |>reser- 

 valion of the milk, the cream, and the butler, 

 and for the making of the butler. Two of these 

 apartments are under ground and arched, and 

 properly ventilated. To the south side is at- 



Dairy S<ock Soiling— Turning in (ircen Crops 

 as a Manure — -and the Management of Farms, 

 when each of these are so clo«ely connected 

 with the best interest of the farmer. 



'I'he Society voted thanks to the Hon. Joseph 

 LvMAN, late President, and Mr J. D. Wihtncv, 

 late Treasurer, lor their faithful past services. 



.^ list of premiums for the year li;2G, will 



tiched a convenient shed, with (he requisite soon be in print. 



Shelves, with a copper boiler for the washing ' Per order, D. STEBBINS; C. <S- /?. Sec'ry. 



Mr Ebemezer Claue, to wliorn was awarded the 

 first premium on Cider gave the following description 

 of liis process : 



The apples were collected from several or- 

 chards, about half sweet and half sour, such as 

 were suitable to make good cider,_ sound and 

 clean — kept in a dry place, and before carried 

 lo Ihe press every defective apple removed — 

 the cider mill washed clean before grinding the 

 ajiples — let the pomace remain one day upon 

 Ihe press — then press out the juice quick as 

 possible and put it into casks which had been 

 well cleansed with cold water, and put the bar- 

 rels in the cellar, gave Ihe cask a little vent, 

 until the cider had the first fermentation — then 

 drove the bung close. The cider was made 

 late in the autumn, and on examination in Feb- 

 ruary foun i all the cider much alike and equal 

 lo the sample presented, being C gallons, one 

 gallon, from each cask. 



Conway, Feb. 2C, 1826. 



V 



Col. E. Edwards, to whom was awarded the second 

 premium on Cider, gave the following description of 

 liis process : 



In Collecting the apples, particular care was 

 taken (o, reject those decayed or partly so, or 

 that were manifestly windfalls, so called, and 

 that no leaves should be among (he apples, 

 bemg mostly selected fruit ; the apples lay in 

 heaps covered and protected from the rays of 

 Ihe sun until partially mellow ; Ihe mill, (iress 

 and utensils were thoroughly cleaned with wa- 

 ter, then ground the apples and let the cider re- 

 main in the pomace twenty-four hours before 

 (iressing — then put the cider into new, cleansed 

 barrels, bunged close and placed in Ihe cellar, 

 and so remained for four weeks ; then draw olT 

 into barrels which had been thoroughly rinsed; 

 ;>t Ihe expiration of G weeks more it was ag^iin 

 ^fawn off, and the cider now offered is eight 

 gallons, one drauti Aum each of the eiirhl bfir-^ 

 rels. Southampton, Feb. 28, 1820. 



THE FUR TRADE. 

 Gen. Ashley, with a party of twenlj-fcve men, 

 left St. Louis on the 8lh ult. intending to fallin 

 with the different companies beyond the Rocky 

 Mountains. This entcrjirise merits, and we 

 hope will meet with ample success. We copv 

 to-day from the .Missouri Advocate, a notice o'f 

 a new route to the Pacific Ocean, discovered 

 by Gen. Ashley. By Ibis it appears that a jour- 

 ney across can be accomplished wilh compara- 

 tive ease, and without enctuntering any serious 

 obstacle, by the way of the I'lalte, and" anolher 

 river, believed by Gen. Ashley lo be the Buena>- 

 Ventura. — A'at Journal. 



New route to the Pacific Ocean, discovered by Gen. 

 JVilliam H. ^iiUley, during his late Expedition to the 

 Rocky .Mountains. ' 



The General Government having under con- 

 sideration tlie propriety of establTshing a mili- 

 tary post at some point wilbiii our Territorial 

 limits on Ihe coast of the Pacific the present is, 

 perhaps, the most appropriate time lo commu- 

 nicate any information, which may in the least 

 tend lo facilitate the consummation of a measure, 

 in our opinion, of so much national importance. 



Heretofore, those great barriers of nature* 

 the Rocky Mouulains, have been called up in 

 judgment against the practicability of establish- 

 ing a comnjunicatiou between this point and 



