Vol. IV. 



NEW ENGLAND FARMEil. 



3r»3 



what differeut from those which are made in the 

 common mode. T iiis acid sliould, no doubt, be di- 

 luted before it is put into the milk ; and we cannot 

 state what proportions it would be expedient to use. 

 But the quantity might be ascertained by e.xperi- 

 ment. 



The following method of making cheese has 

 been recommended in the Mass. Agric. Repos. — 



" The milk is universally .oet for cheese as soon 

 es it comes from the cow. The management of 

 the curd depends on the kind of cheese ; thin 

 cheese requires the least labor and attention. — 

 Breaking the curd is done with the hand anddi'^h. 

 The finer the curd is broken the better, particu- 

 larly in thick cheeses. Turning the milk differs 

 in different dairies ; no two dairy ur.men conduct 

 exactly alike. Setting the milk too hot inclines 



moist, the door and windows are kept open night 

 and day." 



DIRECTIONS TO PRESERVE PEACH 



TREES IN A IlEALTIIV STATE. 

 Let every Tree which has been known to pro- 

 duce its fruit prematurely, be immediately remov- 

 ed ; and if it is desired to have a Peach Tree 

 planted in the same place where a diseased Tree 

 has been removed from, let a large hole be dug, 

 so as to remove all the roots, that the roots of the 

 new planted Tree may not, in one season, come in 

 contact with them. But new ground is to be taken, 

 in preference to that on which Peach Trees have 

 been. Let the greatest attention in summer, be 

 paid to the ripening of the fruit, and where fruit is 

 found to ripen two, three or four weeks before the 

 usual time, you may conclude that the Tree has 



IS varied according to the weatlier. The curd, 

 when formed, is broken with what is called a 

 triple cheese knife. The use of this is to keep 



the cheese to heave, and cooling it with cold wa- i^ , ^. ■ .. .. ... 



, • -1 a- » Til ' ci„ , taken the mtection ; and as it gives vou notice one 



ter produces a similar effect. The cegree oi heat , , .' . •^ „ 



' "^ ' whole season previous to its power of spreading 



the contagion, you can, by removing it, prevent 



its injuring tlie other Trees ; or if the Tree has 



tl luit; uinrtr^it; jviunr. x xic hoc vji iiiis i:^ ti-> ivt-ciji ,'.,■/.,. , -.i n, ^ 



,, ' „ ^ . ., , •,. ■ 1 ». 1 .1 V *^*^en the infection when m blossom, and has lost 



the fat in the cheese : it is drawn tue depth of ' .. . .^ , „ . . , -^ .„ , 



,, J . ». »■ ii . u t • ' 'ts fruit before it ripened, it will show that it has 



the curd two or three tunes across the tub, to give t, ,. , ' V . ,, , , 



^, , » •. r • ;- 1 <v I become diseased, by pushing out small .slender 



the whey an opportunity of running off clear: after ; , ^ ,„ , • , , ,. 



„ . . ., , ■/ ■ ? 1 1 J shoots, and frequently in bunches of a pale vellow 



a few minutes the knito is more rreelv used, and i , ' _ ., i , , , , , , 



., , . ... ,, . v, , ■ J I colour, from the body and branches ; and by ob- 



fhe curd is cut into small pieces like chequers, and I . ' , -' , ,t. ■ 



• , , J. . ., , -.1 .u u J J serving the same appearance on those Trees that 



IS broken line in the whey, with the hand and ai ,." , . '; , . , . , , , 



1 J- u Tl J i" ■ 11 1 u 1 1 ic ^""^ diseased, from those which are in a healthy 



wooden dish. 1 he curd being allowed about halt ^ ^ _,' , , ^ ,,, 



, . ,.,.1 », I ■ 1 1 1 n- tl, »i ' state, and by removing them before thev blossom, 



an hour to settle, the whey is laded oft with tlie - ' .' » .» ' 



dish, after it is pretty well separated from the ; 



curd. It is almost an invariable practice to scald [ 



the curd. The mass is first broken very fine, and 



then the scalding whey is added to it, and stirred 



a few minutes ; some make use of the hot water , 



prevent their spreading the infected farina. 



Capt. Selby, of Flushing, Long Island, has pur- 

 sued the above directions, with a peach orchard, 

 planted in the spring of 181G, which is now in a 

 healthy state, and from which he sold the fruit of 



,. ... , , 1 • ■ 1. ..1. I thirty-four rare ripe Trees the last season, in the 



m preference to the wliey, and it is in both cases --•'-- '^ ' 



treated according to the nature nf the curd ; if it 

 is soft, the whey or water is used nearly boiling ; 

 but if hard, it is used only a little hotter than the 

 hand. After the curd is thoroughly mixed with 

 the hot stuff, it is suffered to stand a few minutes 

 to settle and is then separated, as at the first ope- 

 ration. After the scalding liquor is separated, a 

 vat, or what is often called a cheese hoop, is laid 

 across the cheese ladder over the tub, and the 

 curd is crumbled into it with the hand and pressed 

 into the vat, to squeeze out the whey. 



New- York market, for three hundred and twenttj 

 Dollars. 



Ashes and lime, a small quantity placed as near 

 the trunk of the Tree as possible, have been used 

 with good effect, in preventing and destroying the 

 worms at the roots of Peach Trees. Tobacco 

 leaves and stems, put round the trunks of Peach 

 Trees at the roots, have also been found beneficial 

 in destroying the worms, as well as preventing 

 their getting in the Trees. 



To have thrifty Peach Trees, and fine fruit, the 



ground should every year be kept cultivated, by 

 " The vat being filled as full and firmly as the planting it with corn, potatoes, or other vegeta- 

 hand can fill it, and rounded up in the middle, akieg, and every autumn or sprint, have some rot- 

 cheese cloth 19 spread over it, and tlie curd is I tg„ manure ducr in round the Trees. Peach Trees 

 turned out of the hoop into the cloth ; the vit is I remaining more than one year in grass or sod 

 then washed, and the inverted mass of curd, with I ground, become unthrifty and yellow, it is there- 

 Uie cloth under it, is turned into the vat and put < ]-„^^ ^^^-^^^ ^^ distinguish the diseased from healthy, 

 into the press ; after standing two or three hours i j^ cultivated <rround. 

 in the press, the vat is taken out and the cloth is 



taken off, washed, and put round the cheese, and 

 it is replaced ^in the vat and in the press. In 

 about seven or eight hours it is taken out of the 



TO ESCAPE THE EFFECTS OP 

 LIGHTNING. 



It is particularly dangerous to stand near leaden 



press and salted, the cheese is placed on a board, gpotits, iron gates or palisadoes, at such times ; 

 and an handfull of salt is rubbed all over it, and \ metals of all kinds having so strong an attraction 

 the edges^ are pared off if necessary ; another j f^j ligl,tning as frequently to draw it out of the 



course which it would otherwise have taken. 



When in a house, avoid sitting or standing near 

 the window, door, or walls, during a thunder storm. 

 The nearer a person is to the middle of a room, 

 the better. 



The greatest evil to be apprehended from light- 

 ning, is the explosion of powder-magazines. — 

 These may, in a great degree, be secured from 

 danger by insulation, or by lining the bulk-heads 

 and floorings, with materials of a non-conducting 

 nature, the expense of which would not be great. 



handfull of salt is strewed on the upper side, and 

 as much left as will stick to it ; afterwards it is 

 turned into the bare vat without a cloth, and aJi 

 equal quantity of salt is added to it, and the cheese 

 is returned into the press ; where it continues one 

 night, and the next morning it is turned in the vat 

 and continues till the succeeding morning, and is 

 taken out and placed on the dairy shelf ; where 

 they are turned every day or every other day, as 

 the weather may be. If it is hot and dry, the 

 windows and door are kept shut, but if wet or 



FROM THE JOURNAL OF AN AMERICAN 

 IN ENGLAND. 



SEASONS. 



Tlie summers here are unquestionably more 

 congenial to the general health than our own. 

 They are also more pleasant ; but autumn and 

 winter, if I may judge from the specimen we have 

 already had, cannot be compa.red with ours, at 

 least in pleasantness. The dull weather which 

 now prevails, (Nov. '.id.) I am told, continues nearly 

 the same through the winter — either dripping 

 rain, or heavy, damp, disagreeable atmosphere, 

 with not much fro?t, snow, or ice. The softness 

 of an American autumn is unknown here; and 

 though the English winter is less cold than our 

 own, I v/ould not for this, exchange our clear at- 

 mosphere, unclouded sky and sharp frosty morn- 

 ings. I know not that the weather of this season 

 here is particularly prejudicial to health. In gen- 

 eral. Englishmen look more healthy and robust 

 than .'Vmericans. They are often corpulent even 

 to deformity — have broad shoulders, large features, 

 full cheeks, and if I may here anticipate an item 

 in their character, bear marks of high living, and 

 excess in wiue. 



TF.N.t.'JTS. 



It would scarrely fail of being serviceable to 

 some of our American fanners to visit England, as 

 well with a view to take lessons in agriculture, as 

 to learn the important virtue of contentment. Liv- 

 ing in a perfectly free country, almost exempted 

 from ta.xes, in wiiich every thing is cheap, and be- 

 ing lords of the soil that they cultivate, they arc 

 too insen.sible of their enviable condition. Here, 

 you know, the land is owned principally by the 

 nobility, who le. it out in small lots to the farmers, 

 at enormous rents. What these pay annually, would 

 entitle them to he fee simple with us. After dis- 

 charging their heavy rents, and king's taxes, and 

 living poorly, th<!y have nothing left. Teu-, .-svigar, 

 coffee, spirits, &c. are luxuries beyond the reach 

 of most of them. Their children, in too many in- 

 stances, grow up without a competent education, 

 and destitute of the moans with which to commence 

 life. Thus the cultivators of the soil drag on year 

 after year, till old age overtakes them, and puts a 

 stop to their labours, and at the same time in- 

 creases their wants. They must then depend upon 

 their children for support, or become paupers. — 

 Good farmers they become from necessity. Unless 

 they make the most from the land, it will not yield 

 enough to pay the rents. As, however, they are 

 liable at any moment to be dismissed from the soil, 

 they have not the same motives with our farmers, 

 to attempt extensive and permanent improvements. 

 Their necessities create a peculiar personal dili- 

 gence and skill, and they are, on the whole, a 

 people remarkably well fitted for the condition in 

 which they are placed. Notwithstanding the pre- 

 carious tenure with which they hold their lands, 

 if they are punctual in paying their rents, or have 

 kind landlords, it is not uncommon for father and 

 son to fill the same place successively." 



The account which we published a short time since 

 of the capture of Miasolonghi by the Turks, is contradic- 

 te«i by later arrivals. The letter -which famished the 

 details of the attack is said to be a fabrication, got up 

 for speculating^ purposes. 



We have heard it stated, says the American Watch- 

 man, that the wheat crop in the lower counties of Dela- 

 ware, is nearly deitroyed. 



