NEW ENGLAND ^^^liMEK. 



Pu blished by John B. Russell at the corner of Congres s and^jLindaUJu-Gcti^!—Tno^^^^ 



VOL. IV 

 ORIGINAL PAPERS. 



BOSTON, FRIDAY, JULY 21, 1826. 



NO. 52. 



FOR THE NEW ENGLAND FARMEE. 



Copy of a letlerJ'rom'RoBERTii Vaux to John Eaue 

 PowEL, £.17. 

 Esteemed Friend — I tliank thee for the pitch- 

 er of cream, the product of one* of thy Short Horned 

 Cattle. No stronger proof of the value of that fam- 

 ily of animals for the dairy, need be fnrnislied, 

 tlian t!ie specimen before me. A portion of the 

 cream was subjected to friction by means of n 

 spoon and plate, and it yielded butter of fine flav- 

 our, in rather more than a minute. I could s*;irce- 

 ly credit what my own hand had effected. < The 

 farmers of our country will surely adopt this prof- 

 itablu race of stock, for the introduction of which 

 Into Pcnn.sylvania they, as well as our teller cit- 

 izens generally, are indebted to thy practicaljudg- 

 racnt and disinterested zeal. • 



Witii great regard and respect, . 



ROBERTS VAUX. 

 John Hare Powel, Esq. 



Remarks on the above by the Secretary of the Phil- 

 adelphia Agrirulturul Society. 

 My residence adjoins Powelton. I visit it almost 

 daily. I have during nearly five years been in tie 

 habit of inspecting the stock. I am familiar v. itii 

 all the arrangements of the farm, and have in tl)e 

 present instance, interrogated the farm servant. — 

 The cream to which Mr Vau.x adverts w-as produc- 

 ed by three cows — one of them Belina, note(! in 

 the certificate of the keeper of the Herd 



AMMONIA. 



Mr Fessenden — Numerous experiments have 



proved that Ammonia is a most powerful manure, 



and there is rei.son to believe it is one of the most 



abundant. It is found to possess great power as a 



manure, by applying it directly in a pure state, and 



by the application of it in numerous animal and 



Book to I vegetable substances which contain it. 



have given daily 32 quarts in England — anoi'^jr, I ^'■'^ ^^ell known to be a highly^v^latile suT)atauee. 



for the general purijoses of tlie countiy than any 

 race with which he is .acquainiod, and tlmt certain 

 FAMILIES of ir.iprovtd short horns arc deep milk- 

 ers. 



He further remarked tliat it was not the value 

 of a wool bearing, or butter yielding brute, but the 

 •'soundness of his opi.NioNs,"he wasnnxious to 

 establish, and that he firmly believes that there 

 arc various " native cattle," as they are improper- 

 ly called, of excellent properties, with which I 

 know lie h.is made great efforts, and at no small 

 expense, to have crosses by means of improved 

 bulls. JOHN P. MILNOR, 



P.ec. AVf . Ftnn. ^g. Soc. 



P. S. Lawrence says, page 57, speaking of 



Holderness cattle^-" They have both speed and 



strength enough for labour, and their shoulders 



are well formed and well posited for draught." 



" I certify tliat I witnessed a performance of 

 Wye Comet, an Improved Durham Short Horn 

 Bull, lately belonging to Col. Powcl, on the 3d 

 mst. He walked a measured mile on the 

 TURNPIKE, led by a boy, in precisely eleven 

 MINUTES." WILLIAM HUGHS. 



the second best milker on the place, none of t'lem 

 having been fed at any time in an extraordinary 

 v/ay. Belina has a large fat male calf, produced 



ana to oe absorbed by water i«ra^eqnr.ntities. 



It is always formed during the fermentation of an- 

 imal, and probably in that of vegetable substances. 



in February, which was constantly at her side, and These facts it may be well for farmers to ob: 



at this time cannot take all the milk, although the 

 pasturageis so bare from the successive drought, 

 that two Maryland farmers yesterday observed 

 that it was like that of Cecil county. They have 

 no other food than that which it affords. 



Similar experiments to that made by Mr Vaux, 

 were made by myself, Dr Harris, and several oth- 

 ers. From Mr Vaux most probably, not having 

 been directed as to the mode of applying the fric- 

 tion, the butter was not obtained so rapidly, as in 

 other instances. I saw it produced in less than 

 ten seconds. The cows had been fed upon bran, 

 what is generally called shorts at the Pennsylvania 

 mills, (with twenty double bushels of which, two 

 bushels of corn meal had been mixed), small por- 

 tions of mangel wurtzel, and orchard grass hay. 

 The milk was drawn night and morning, simply 

 deposited in pans, in a deep cold cellar, having 

 been subjected to no other treatment than that of 

 straining and skimming. It may be proper to ob- 

 serve that Mr Powel jocosely remarked that lie 

 does not flatter himself, that this cream if amalga- 

 mated in a churn with the cream of other cows, 

 v.'ould, like the Alderney cream, come first, nor 

 would he imply that all short horn cows are good 

 milkers, nor tliat such extraop.dinary properties 

 are often to be found in the best tribes of the im- 

 proved short horns, but that they are better fitted 



*lt was produced by the milk of three. 



in the management of manures, which may lead 

 them to conclude that there is a vast waste "in the 

 exposure of animal and vegetable manures to rain 

 and sun. A- FARMER. 



Remarks by the Editor. — Ammonia, or the vola- 

 tile alkali, is not the only fertilizing principle 

 which is lost by the exposure. of putrefying sub- 

 stances to sun, air, and moisture. Carbonic acid 

 gas, [fixed air] hydrogen, [inflammable air] and 

 azote, [or that kind of air which, injunion with ox- 

 ygen, forms aqua fortis] is also wasted. Indeed, 

 every principle or constituent of manure islet loose 

 and dispersed in the atmosphere when putrefaction 

 is suffered to go on above ground. It is, therefore, 

 w-ell to cover substances capable of rapid decora- 

 position, with earth or soil, which will imbibe and 

 retain the products of putrefaction, and yield them 

 again to nourish vegetables. By this means we 

 provide or preserve nutriment for plants, and pre- 

 vent the vicinity of such substances from being 

 contaminated with gases, injurious to animals, but 

 beneficial to vegetables. 



the best grecn.^. ThiWk:, wliere the seed is crush 

 ed It makes the best vegetable oil. In tlie fourtl 

 place it gives the best oil for oiling wool befort 

 carded. Someching like this ought to be encourag. 

 ed, as feed gets short in June, July and August 

 Every one who has a small garden ought to "sou 

 an ounce of this seed, in' the spring, at the time the 

 frost is out ofthc ground ; and in one month it will 

 be fit for use. and will pay $250.00 pef acre at 25 

 cents per bua! ol. I have sold 32 bushels at 50, and 

 some at 60 cer.ts per bushel. This is a good time 

 to sow for a v.sfcter crop,_that is, any time this 

 month. 



I have scoi ii, in temperate climates, preserve 

 Its fres!inQS3 through the winter. It stand.s the 

 drought well, and boils as green and soft as spin- 

 age at this time, though dry and warm. I invito 

 the friends of agriculture to examine it. I have a-i 

 acre and 5 rods sowed with, it, which may bo seen 

 between the brick yard and the turnpike road lead- 

 ing to the Punch Bowl, Parker street, Roxbury. 



Tire leaf of the Dutch Cole resembles thr.t of the 

 French Turnip. One pound of the seed is suffi- 

 cient to sow an acre. I believe that what I have 

 mentioned, is the first which has been introduced 

 into this Stule. GEORGE HEWSON. 



Roxbury, July 14, 1826. 



(t/^We cannot say how much the plant above 

 referred to i-; superior to others of the Brassioa, or 

 Cabbage genus of plants. But cabbages or cole- 

 worts, (which are of the same genus) form a very 

 valuable food for cattle ; and if the above mention- 

 ed should pro'-e to be superior to the ordinary kinds 

 of cabbages, they will make an important acquisi- 

 tion <fO Azyifji'-sa uvisbandi-y. — Editor. 



PRESERVATION OF LEMON OR LIME 

 JUICE. 



Lemon or lime juice according to the ex^eii- 

 ments of Captain Bagnold, may be preserved wi;," 

 out the addition of rum, spirit or any other sub- 

 stance, by the process well known for the preserv- 

 ing of green gooseberries and other fruits for do- 

 mestic purposes. Lime juice was expressed from 

 the fruit in Jamaica, in September 1823, strained, 

 put in a quart bottle and carefully corked, these 

 being put into a pan of cold water were gradually 

 raised to the boiling point ; they were retained 

 'at that point for half an hour; and then allowed to 

 cool. A bottle opened in April 1824, was found to 

 contain the juice in the state of a whitish turbid 

 liquor, with the acidity and much of the flavor of 

 the lime, nor did it appear to have undergone any 

 alteration. The same juice again bottled and 

 heated was set aside till March 1825, when upon 

 examination it was found in good condition, retain- 

 ing much of the flavour of the recent juice. 



DUTCH COLE. 

 From long experience of garden and agricultu- 

 ral cultivation, the subscriber has found the Dutch 

 Cole to be the best feed for sheep, cows and oxen. 

 It has several virtues over all other green crops. 

 In the first place, it makes the best feed. Secondly 



FLOUR. 



Wheat flour is selling at $3 per barrel in New 

 Orleans, and is dull at that price ; in N. York it 

 is from $4,50 to $5 per barrel. Rye flour is $3,75 

 a barrel in New York, and Indian meal .$4,12. — 

 After the canal from the Ohio to Lake Erie is 

 completed, immense quantities of grain, flour, pork 

 and other productions of Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio, 

 &c. which are now sent to New Orleans, will find 



